1.1 Introducing Calculus: Connecting Graphs and Rates of Change

    Cards (41)

    • Calculus is the mathematical study of change
    • Differential calculus focuses on finding the rate of change of a function.
    • Integral calculus deals with accumulating quantities and finding the area under a curve
    • What does differential calculus focus on?
      Rate of change
    • Integral calculus is the reverse process of differentiation.
    • A limit describes the value a function approaches as its input gets close to a certain point
    • What is one method to find limits?
      Graphically
    • For a limit to exist, both left and right limits must be equal.
    • As x2x \to 2, the limit of f(x)=f(x) =x24x2 \frac{x^{2} - 4}{x - 2} is 4
    • Match the calculus branch with its key concept:
      Differential Calculus ↔️ Derivatives
      Integral Calculus ↔️ Integrals
    • To find limits, we can use graphical or algebraic methods
    • What is a one-sided limit?
      Limit from one direction
    • A limit describes the value a function approaches as its input gets close to a certain point
    • For a limit to exist, both one-sided limits must exist and be equal
    • What are one-sided limits defined as?
      Values approached from one direction
    • A limit is notated as \lim_{x \to a} f(x) = L
    • A general limit exists if both one-sided limits are equal
    • The rate of change measures how a function's value changes with respect to its input
    • The average rate of change is calculated using the secant line between two points
    • What does the instantaneous rate of change represent on a graph?
      Tangent line at a single point
    • The instantaneous rate of change is equivalent to the slope of the tangent
    • The instantaneous rate of change is calculated as the limit of the average rate of change as the interval shrinks to zero
    • What is the formula for the instantaneous rate of change?
      \frac{dy}{dx} = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}</latex>
    • What is the formula for the average rate of change?
      f(x+h)f(x)h\frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}
    • The instantaneous rate of change of a function at a point is equivalent to the slope of the tangent
    • What is the formula for the instantaneous rate of change using limits?
      \frac{dy}{dx} = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}</latex>
    • For f(x)=f(x) =x2 x^{2}, the slope of the tangent line at x=x =3 3 is 6.
    • Match the step with its description and formula:
      Average rate of change ↔️ f(x+h)f(x)h\frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}
      Simplify ↔️ 6h+h2h\frac{6h + h^{2}}{h}
      Limit as h0h \to 0 ↔️ limh0(6+h)\lim_{h \to 0} (6 + h)
    • What are the two main branches of calculus?
      Differential and Integral
    • Differential calculus focuses on finding the rate of change of a function and the slopes of curves
    • What is the reverse process of differentiation?
      Integration
    • Match the branch of calculus with its key concepts:
      Differential Calculus ↔️ Derivatives, Tangents
      Integral Calculus ↔️ Integrals, Areas
    • What does the notation limxaf(x)=\lim_{x \to a} f(x) =L L mean?

      As xx approaches aa, f(x)f(x) approaches LL
    • For a limit to exist, both the left and right limits must exist and be equal
    • The limit of f(x)=f(x) =x24x2 \frac{x^{2} - 4}{x - 2} as x2x \to 2 is 4.
    • What is the graphical interpretation of the average rate of change?
      Slope of the secant line
    • What is the graphical interpretation of the instantaneous rate of change?
      Slope of the tangent line
    • What is the equation of the tangent line at a point x=x =a a?

      y=y =f(a)(xa)+ f'(a)(x - a) +f(a) f(a)
    • The tangent line to f(x)=f(x) =x2 x^{2} at x=x =2 2 has a slope of 4.
    • Match the field with its application of calculus:
      Economics ↔️ Profit Optimization
      Physics ↔️ Motion Analysis