5.5 Irrigation Methods

• Irrigation methods are used to supply water to crops when natural rainfall is insufficient
• What is the efficiency of flood irrigation?

  60-70%
• Furrow irrigation requires careful land leveling to ensure even water flow.
• Spray irrigation covers large areas but loses water through evaporation
• Which irrigation method delivers water directly to plant roots?

  Drip irrigation
• Match the irrigation method with its description:

  Flood ↔️ Covers entire fields with water

  Furrow ↔️ Water flows through channels

  Spray ↔️ Water sprayed using sprinklers

  Drip ↔️ Water delivered to roots
• Flood irrigation is the most efficient method for water use.

  False
• What is a disadvantage of drip irrigation?

  High initial cost
• Steps in surface irrigation using furrow method

  1️⃣ Water flows through channels

  2️⃣ Water is absorbed by soil

  3️⃣ Crops use water for growth
• Drip irrigation is a type of localized irrigation.
• A center pivot sprinkler system covers a circular area.
• What type of sprinkler system is fixed in a grid pattern?

  Solid set
• The efficiency of irrigation is calculated as the ratio of water used by crops to total water applied.
• The efficiency of an irrigation system is expressed as a percentage
• How is the efficiency of an irrigation system calculated?

  $\text{Efficiency} =$$\frac{\text{Water used by crops}}{\text{Total water applied}} \times 100\%$
• Irrigation methods are used to supply water to crops when natural rainfall is insufficient
• Match the irrigation method with its efficiency:

  Flood ↔️ 60-70%

  Furrow ↔️ 65-75%

  Spray ↔️ 75-85%

  Drip ↔️ 90-95%
• Flood irrigation is highly efficient due to minimal water loss.

  False
• What is a primary disadvantage of furrow irrigation?

  Requires land leveling
• Spray irrigation uses sprinklers
• Drip irrigation minimizes water waste by delivering water directly to plant roots.
• Arrange the irrigation methods from least to most efficient:

  1️⃣ Flood

  2️⃣ Furrow

  3️⃣ Spray

  4️⃣ Drip
• What is the main advantage of flood irrigation?

  Simple and low cost
• Flood irrigation has low water loss compared to furrow irrigation.

  False
• Drip irrigation is known for its high efficiency
• What are the two main types of surface irrigation?

  Flood and furrow
• Flood irrigation is suitable for uneven terrain.

  False
• Drip irrigation is a common method of localized irrigation.
• How does sprinkler irrigation compare to drip irrigation in terms of water efficiency?

  Less efficient but covers larger areas
• The efficiency of an irrigation system is always greater than 100%.

  False
• Match the sprinkler irrigation type with its description:

  Center pivot ↔️ Pivoting sprinklers covering circular areas

  Solid set ↔️ Fixed sprinklers in a grid

  Traveling gun ↔️ Large sprinklers moved across fields
• What is one environmental impact of excessive irrigation water usage?

  Water depletion
• Waterlogging and salinization can lead to soil degradation.
• Altered water cycles from irrigation can disturb natural habitats.