2.1.2 Bilingualism and Multilingualism

• Bilingualism refers to the ability to speak two languages fluently
• Multilingualism refers to the ability to speak more than two languages
• A person who speaks both English and French is bilingual.
• Bilingualism and multilingualism enhance cognitive abilities and social interactions
• Bilingualism improves memory, focus, and multitasking
• Multilingualism broadens cultural understanding and communication skills
• Bilingual individuals can switch between languages efficiently.
• Bilingualism enhances memory and focus
• Multilingualism leads to broader cultural understanding and improved communication skills
• Multilingualism improves cognitive flexibility and executive control.
• Bilingualism fosters empathy and cross-cultural communication.
• Match the cultural function of language with its definition and example:

  Reflector ↔️ Mirrors cultural values; idioms related to food in French

  Preserver ↔️ Maintains historical traditions; Basque language preserves Basque identity

  Shaper ↔️ Influences social norms; bilingual education promotes diversity
• The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language influences how we think and perceive the world
• Linguistic determinism suggests that language completely determines thought.
• Languages without future tenses may affect the ability to plan for the future
• The French distinction between "vous" and "tu" reflects social status and intimacy
• Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages fluently.
• Multilingualism refers to the ability to speak more than two languages.
• Match the features with the correct language ability:

  Bilingualism ↔️ Fluent in two languages

  Multilingualism ↔️ Fluent in multiple languages
• A person who speaks both English and French is considered bilingual
• Bilingualism enhances memory, focus, and multitasking
• Multilingualism improves cognitive flexibility, executive control, and problem-solving abilities
• Multilingual individuals can navigate social contexts effortlessly.
• What are the cognitive advantages of bilingualism compared to multilingualism?

  Enhanced memory and focus
• Bilingualism enhances memory, focus, and multitasking
• What social benefit is unique to multilingualism?

  Broader cultural understanding
• Language is a key marker of cultural identity.
• What are the three functions of language in shaping cultural identity?

  Reflector, preserver, shaper
• The French language's idioms related to food and family reflect its cultural values
• Which language has been instrumental in preserving Basque cultural identity?

  The Basque language
• Bilingual education programs shape culture by promoting inclusivity and cross-cultural understanding.
• What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis propose about language and thought?

  Language influences thought
• Match the aspect with its definition:

  Linguistic Determinism ↔️ Language determines thought

  Linguistic Relativity ↔️ Language influences thought
• What is an example of how language influences perception, as suggested by linguistic relativity?

  Grammatical gender affects object perception
• The distinction between "vous" and "tu" in French reflects social status and intimacy
• What are the key benefits of maintaining linguistic diversity in bilingual and multilingual communities?

  Preserving cultural identity
• What is cognitive interference in bilingualism?

  Delays in language retrieval
• Challenges faced by bilingual individuals can affect their cultural identity and self-esteem.