4.9 El Niño and La Niña

Cards (88)

  • What are El Niño and La Niña examples of?
    Climate patterns
  • During El Niño, trade winds strengthen.
    False
  • In La Niña, sea surface temperatures are cooler than normal in the eastern Pacific
  • How frequently does El Niño occur on average?
    Every 2-7 years
  • What happens to precipitation in South America during El Niño?
    Increases
  • Match the climate effects with the correct phenomenon:
    Droughts in Australia and Indonesia ↔️ El Niño
    Heavy rainfall in Australia and Indonesia ↔️ La Niña
  • In La Niña, droughts occur in South America
  • How frequently does La Niña occur on average?
    Every 3-5 years
  • El Niño causes warmer sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific.
  • Which climate pattern is associated with heavy rainfall in Australia and Indonesia?
    La Niña
  • In La Niña, the trade winds are stronger
  • During El Niño, Australia experiences heavy rainfall.
    False
  • What happens to sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific during La Niña?
    Cooler
  • What are the underlying causes of El Niño and La Niña?
    Trade winds and SSTs
  • Order the effects of La Niña on the Pacific Ocean:
    1️⃣ Trade winds strengthen
    2️⃣ Cold water rises in the eastern Pacific
    3️⃣ Sea surface temperature decreases
    4️⃣ Heavy rainfall in Australia and Indonesia
    5️⃣ Droughts in South America
  • La Niña brings cooler sea surface temperatures to the eastern Pacific
  • During El Niño, Australia experiences droughts.
  • Which climate pattern is associated with warmer sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific?
    El Niño
  • During El Niño, warmer water accumulates in the eastern Pacific
  • What are the two natural climate patterns in the Pacific Ocean caused by shifts in trade winds and sea surface temperatures?
    El Niño and La Niña
  • During El Niño, trade winds strengthen, while during La Niña, they weaken or reverse.
    False
  • During El Niño, the usual easterly trade winds weaken
  • In contrast, La Niña sees the trade winds strengthen
  • What happens to sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific during El Niño?
    Warmer
  • What happens to sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific during La Niña?
    Cooler
  • Arrange the typical climate effects of El Niño and La Niña on precipitation in affected regions.
    1️⃣ El Niño: Decreased precipitation in Australia and Indonesia
    2️⃣ El Niño: Increased precipitation in South America
    3️⃣ La Niña: Increased precipitation in Australia and Indonesia
    4️⃣ La Niña: Decreased precipitation in South America
  • How does El Niño typically affect global temperatures?
    Warmer than average
  • What type of extreme weather events is more likely during El Niño?
    Droughts and floods
  • What type of climate effects does La Niña cause in South America?
    Droughts
  • El Niño occurs when the trade winds weaken
  • How frequently does La Niña typically occur?
    Every 3-5 years
  • The effects of El Niño and La Niña are limited to the Pacific Ocean.
    False
  • El Niño and La Niña are natural climate patterns in the Pacific
  • Match the climate pattern with the state of trade winds:
    El Niño ↔️ Weaken or reverse
    La Niña ↔️ Strengthen
  • During La Niña, the sea surface temperature in the eastern Pacific becomes cooler
  • What is the typical climate effect of El Niño in Australia and Indonesia?
    Droughts
  • La Niña occurs more frequently than El Niño.
    False
  • Arrange the climate effects of El Niño in Australia and Indonesia.
    1️⃣ Trade winds weaken
    2️⃣ Sea surface temperature warms in eastern Pacific
    3️⃣ Droughts occur in Australia and Indonesia
  • During La Niña, the strengthened trade winds result in cooler sea surface temperatures and opposite climate effects.
  • What are the effects of weakened trade winds on sea surface temperatures during El Niño?
    Warmer