4.6 Enlightened and Other Approaches to Power

• The Enlightenment emphasized the use of reason
• Voltaire criticized government and church corruption
• Rousseau advocated for direct democracy
• The Enlightenment principle of natural rights includes life, liberty, and property
• Match the Enlightenment thinkers with their key ideas:

  1️⃣ Voltaire

  2️⃣ Religious tolerance, free speech

  3️⃣ Rousseau

  4️⃣ Social contract, common good

  5️⃣ Montesquieu

  6️⃣ Separation of powers
• Which document reflects Enlightenment ideals of natural rights?

  American Declaration of Independence
• The Enlightenment promoted the idea of progress through science and reform
• Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu shaped the intellectual landscape by championing different aspects of reason
• What Enlightenment principle is reflected in the American Declaration of Independence?

  Natural rights
• Enlightened absolutism combines absolutism with Enlightenment principles
• Enlightened absolutism aims to modernize and improve society based on reason
• Match the characteristic with the type of government:

  Enlightened Absolutism ↔️ Reforms based on Enlightenment principles

  Absolute Monarchy ↔️ Arbitrary and often tyrannical
• What is a key goal of enlightened absolutism?

  Modernization of society
• What does enlightened absolutism combine?

  Absolutism and Enlightenment principles
• Under enlightened absolutism, power is used to implement reforms based on Enlightenment principles
• What were the key Enlightenment ideas that enlightened absolutists used to modernize their societies?

  Reason and progress
• Frederick the Great of Prussia exemplified enlightened absolutism by promoting religious intolerance and suppressing education.

  False
• What was a limitation of enlightened absolutism in creating more efficient and just societies?

  Authoritarian approach
• Absolutism maintains that the monarch has unlimited power derived from divine right
• What does constitutionalism emphasize regarding government power?

  Limitations through a constitution
• Voltaire advocated for religious tolerance and free speech
• What political idea did Montesquieu promote?

  Separation of powers
• The Enlightenment principle of reason emphasizes using logic and observation to understand the world.
• The Enlightenment principle of individualism laid the foundation for human rights
• Which revolutions were influenced by Enlightenment ideas such as natural rights and social contract theory?

  American and French Revolutions
• Match the Enlightenment principle with its impact on modern political systems:

  Individual Rights ↔️ Fundamental freedoms and protections guaranteed

  Constitutionalism ↔️ Limited government through a constitution

  Separation of Powers ↔️ Division of governmental authority

  Democracy ↔️ Popular sovereignty and elected representation