4.2 The Scientific Revolution

• What is the Scientific Revolution marked by in the 16th and 17th centuries?

  Empiricism and modern methods
• The work of Galileo and Newton exemplifies the shift towards empirical observation and mathematical formulation.
• The Scientific Revolution moved away from traditional Aristotelian views towards evidence-based theories
• Who introduced the heliocentric model of the universe?

  Nicolaus Copernicus
• Galileo Galilei discovered the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus.
• Isaac Newton developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation
• What does Newton's first law of motion state?

  Law of Inertia
• What is the formula for Newton's second law of motion?

  $F =$$ma$
• Which model of the solar system did Copernicus' heliocentric model challenge?

  Geocentric
• Who discovered blood circulation?

  William Harvey
• What was Nicolaus Copernicus' major contribution to the Scientific Revolution?

  Heliocentric model
• Galileo Galilei's observations supported the heliocentric theory.
• What is the formula for Newton's law of universal gravitation?

  $F =$$G \frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}$
• The Scientific Revolution was characterized by the development of empiricism and modern scientific methods.
• The Scientific Revolution marked a shift from Aristotelian views to evidence-based theories.
• Match the key figure with their contribution:

  Nicolaus Copernicus ↔️ Heliocentric model

  Galileo Galilei ↔️ Moons of Jupiter

  Isaac Newton ↔️ Laws of Motion
• What is the central idea of Copernicus' heliocentric model?

  Sun-centered system
• The Scientific Revolution's paradigm shift in thinking led to the acceptance of the heliocentric model over the geocentric model.
• The Royal Society of London was founded in 1660 to foster research and knowledge sharing.
• What philosophical concept did Isaac Newton's laws of nature influence?

  Natural rights
• The Scientific Revolution was a period of scientific transformation in the 16th and 17th centuries, marked by the development of empiricism and modern scientific methods.
• Which figure challenged the geocentric view of the universe?

  Nicolaus Copernicus
• Galileo Galilei's telescopic observations confirmed the heliocentric model.
• What were Isaac Newton's major contributions to science?

  Laws of motion and gravitation
• Match the discovery with its significance:

  Heliocentric Model ↔️ Challenged geocentrism

  Laws of Motion ↔️ Formed classical physics

  Universal Gravitation ↔️ Governs celestial motion
• The Scientific Revolution's emphasis on reason and empiricism influenced the Enlightenment.
• Francis Bacon advocated for inductive reasoning based on observation.
• What philosophical approach did René Descartes champion?

  Rationalism
• Compare the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution:

  Renaissance ↔️ Emphasis on classical philosophy

  Scientific Revolution ↔️ Emphasis on empirical observation

  Key Figure: Leonardo da Vinci ↔️ Key Figure: Isaac Newton