1.9 The Slave Trade

• What does the term "slave trade" refer to?

  Trafficking enslaved people
• The slave trade fueled the growth of plantation economies in the Americas
• What is the formula to calculate profit in the slave trade?

  $\text{Profit} =$$\text{Revenue from commodity sales} - \text{Cost of enslaved labor and goods}$
• What is the formula to calculate mortality rate in the slave trade?

  \text{Mortality Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of Deaths}}{\text{Total Enslaved People}} \times 100\%</latex>
• Racist ideology was a key foundation of the Atlantic slave trade.
• What were the main bases of slavery in ancient civilizations?

  Conquest, debt, birth
• European colonization of the Americas led to a demand for cheap labor
• Ancient slavery was less brutal than colonial slavery.
• What is the formula to calculate profit growth over time in the slave trade?

  $\text{Profit} =$$\text{Initial Investment} \times (1 + \text{Growth Rate})^{\text{Years}}$
• Which economies benefited significantly from the slave trade?

  European economies
• The Atlantic slave trade differed from historical slavery in its reliance on racial hierarchy
• Ancient slavery was often based on debt, conquest, or birth.
• Which European power pioneered African slave trading?

  Portugal
• England emerged as a major slave trader through the Royal African Company
• What were the primary motives of European powers in the slave trade?

  Economic profits and political ambition
• Portugal dominated the early routes of the slave trade.
• Outline the steps of the Triangular Trade system:

  1️⃣ Europe to Africa: Manufactured goods traded for slaves

  2️⃣ Africa to the Americas: Slaves transported via the Middle Passage

  3️⃣ Americas to Europe: Raw materials shipped back
• What was the name of the harrowing journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean?

  Middle Passage
• The slave trade drove colonial agriculture
• The harrowing journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic is known as the Middle Passage
• The slave trade fueled economic growth in plantation economies in the Americas and supported European industrial expansion.
• Arrange the stages of the triangular trade route in their correct sequence.

  1️⃣ Europe to Africa: Manufactured goods exchanged for slaves

  2️⃣ Africa to the Americas: Middle Passage for enslaved Africans

  3️⃣ Americas to Europe: Raw materials shipped back
• Which European powers were involved in the Atlantic slave trade?

  Portugal, Spain, England, France, Netherlands
• Portugal was the first European power to dominate the slave trade from Africa to Brazil.
• Portugal dominated the slave trade from West Africa to Brazil
• What were the three main destinations in the Triangular Trade system?

  Europe, Africa, Americas
• Match the trade route with the goods exchanged in the Triangular Trade system.

  Europe to Africa ↔️ Textiles, tools, rum

  Africa to the Americas ↔️ Slaves

  Americas to Europe ↔️ Sugar, tobacco, cotton
• What were some of the major impacts of the slave trade on African societies?

  Population loss, economic dependency, social disruption
• The population loss due to enslavement significantly hindered development in African societies.
• Cheap labor from enslaved Africans enabled high profitability for plantation owners.
• Match the economic aspect of the slave trade with its primary impact.

  Labor Costs ↔️ Reduced expenses

  Trade Routes ↔️ Enabled transatlantic commerce

  Plantation Economies ↔️ Focused on cash crops
• The slave trade led to the creation of social hierarchies based on race, reinforcing discrimination and unequal treatment.
• Arrange the cultural effects of the slave trade in the order they typically occurred.

  1️⃣ Dehumanization and displacement of Africans

  2️⃣ Disruption of traditional family structures

  3️⃣ Creation of creole languages

  4️⃣ Blending of African, European, and indigenous cultures
• The blending of African and European languages in the Americas led to the creation of creole languages.
• What were the primary commodities produced by enslaved Africans in the Americas?

  Sugar, tobacco, cotton
• The Middle Passage was marked by extreme brutality, disease, and death for enslaved Africans.
• The Middle Passage refers to the harrowing journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
• What were the two primary impacts of the slave trade?

  Economic and societal
• The profit from the slave trade was calculated by subtracting the cost of enslaved labor and goods from revenue.
• The Atlantic slave trade differed from other historical forms of slavery in its scope