Skills Funda

• Infection


  An invasion of the body tissue by micro organisms and their proliferation.
• Asepsis


  the absence of disease producing microorganism: Being free from infection
• Medical Asepsis


  practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; clean technique
• Surgical Asepsis


  Practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; sterile technique.
• Sepsis


  the presence of infection
• Septicemia


  transport of an infection or the products of infection throughout the body or by blood
• Carrier


  A person or an animal who is without signs of illness but who harbors pathogens within his body that can be transferred to another
• Contact


  a person or an animal known or believed to have been exposed to a disease
• Reservoir


  the natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of micro organism.
• Transient flora or bacteria


  the micro organism pick up by the skin as a result of normal activities that can be removed readily
• Resident flora or bacteria


  the micro organism that normally live on a persons skin
• Sterilization


  the process by which all micro organism including their spores are destroyed
• Disinfectant


  a substance usually intended for use on inanimate objects that destroy pathogens but generally not the spores
• Antiseptic


  a substance, usually intended for use on persons that inhibit the growth of pathogens but not necessarily destroy them examples is the substance used for surgical wounds.
• Bactericidal


  a chemical that kills microorganism
• Bacteriostatic


  an agent that prevents bacterial multiplication but does not kill all forms of organism
• Contamination


  the process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile.
• Disinfection


  the process by which pathogens but not their spores are destroyed from inanimate objects.
• Communicable Disease


  results if the infectious agent can be transmitted to an individual by direct or indirect contact through a vector or vehicle or as an airborne infection.
• Infectious Disease


  result from the invasion and multiplication of microorganism in a host
• Pathogen


  a disease producing microorganism
• Pathogenecity


  the ability to produce a disease
• Virulence


  the vigor with which the organism can grow and multiply
• Specificity


  the organism’s attraction to a specific host, which may include humans.
• Opportunistic pathogen


  causes disease only in susceptible individual
• Nosocomial Infection


  hospital acquired infection
• Isolation


  the separation of persons with communicable disease from other persons so that either direct/indirect transmission to susceptible persons is prevented
• Isolation techniques


  practices designed to prevent the transfer of specific microorganism.
• Standard Isolation


  are the basic IPC precautions in health care. They are intended to minimize spread of infection associated with health care, and to avoid direct contact with patients' blood, body fluids, secretions and, non-intact skin.
• CONTACT ISOLATION


  are steps that healthcare facility visitors and staff need to follow before going into a patient's room. They help stop germs from spreading so other people don't get sick. for patients who have germs that can spread by touching the patient or surfaces in their room.
• AIRBORNE ISOLATION


  precautions are guidelines for the care of a person who has a disease that spreads through germs (particles) in the air.
• DROPLET ISOLATION


  for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by a patient who is coughing, sneezing, or talking.
• Chain of Infection


  refers to those elements that must be present to cause an infection from a microorganism
• Modes of transmission


  the microorganism must have a means of transmission to get from one location to another, called direct or indirect.
• Susceptable host


  describes a host not possessing enough resistance against a particular pathogen to prevent disease or infections from occuring when exposed to the pathogen
• Portal of entry


  the means of a pathogen entering a host. can be the sane as one that is the portal of exit.
• Portal of exit


  the means whish the pathogen escapes from the reservois and can cause disease.
• Common escape routes of pathogens in the body

  Gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tract
• Modes of Transmission


  Direct contact, Indirect contact, and Air
• Direct contact


  describes the way in which microorganisms are transferred from person to person through biting, touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse.