LESSON 2-3 AP Q3

• Renaissance: A period of cultural rebirth and transition from the Medieval Ages to the Modern Period, emphasizing reason and diversity
• Silk Road: An ancient trade route connecting Europe to Asia, facilitating the exchange of products and ideas
• Humanism: A philosophical stance valuing human beings, freedom, and creativity
• Francesco Petrarch, considered the father of Humanism, emphasized individual value through his writings
• Alum: A mineral used in textiles to maintain vibrancy, acquired by Europeans from the Ottoman Turks
• Medici Family: Influential patrons of the Renaissance, played a significant role in its development, particularly in Florence
• Patron: A supporter or sponsor, typically providing financial aid to artists and intellectuals
• Indulgence: The practice of pardoning sins in exchange for money, criticized for its exploitation
• Simony: The selling of church positions for monetary gain, is seen as a grave sin
• Printing Press: Invention facilitating the spread of ideas, including critiques of the church
• Protestant Reformation: A movement for religious reform, sparked by Martin Luther's critique of the Catholic Church
• 95 Theses: Luther's arguments against the church's practices, which spread across Europe due to the Printing Press
• 5 Solas: Luther's beliefs emphasizing salvation through faith alone, influencing Protestant doctrine
• Diet of Worms: A key event where Luther defended his ideas against Charles V, highlighting tensions between religious and political authority
• Art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power
• Visual Arts:

  • Jan Van Eyck was a Flemish painter who first discovered the use of Oil Painting
• Leonardo da Vinci:

  • Painted the Mona Lisa.
  • Painted The Last Supper.
  • Drew The Vitruvian Man.
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  • Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince, discussing the analysis of how to acquire and maintain political power.

  
  

  • Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, portraying a hero with lofty and chivalrous but impractical ideals.
• • Desiderius Erasmus wrote In Praise of Folly, exposing secular ambitions and foolish speculations.

  
  

  • Thomas More wrote Utopia, imagining a society with highly desirable qualities for its citizens.
• Humanist writers emphasize the value of the complexity of humanity
• Donattelo

  • Sculpted the Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata.
  • Sculpted St. Mark.
• Michelangelo Buonarroti

  • Sculptured the Statue of David
  • Painted Birth of Adam (Sistine Chapel)
  • Sculptured the Pieta
• Raphael Santi

  • Painted Madonna and Child
  • Painted School of Athens
• Art can be visual, performing, and literary.
• • Giovanni Boccaccio wrote Decameron, a collection of 100 tales told by a group sheltering to escape the Black Death.

  
  

  • Dante Alighieri wrote Divine Comedy, depicting Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise to reach spiritual maturity and understand God's love.
• • William Shakespeare wrote plays like Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, exploring themes such as conflict, loyalty, appearance and reality, guilt, sin and retribution, and more.

  
  

  • Michel de Montaigne wrote Essays, attempting to put his thoughts into writing.