20.1 Scientific Discoveries and Innovations

• What is a scientific innovation defined as?

  Application of scientific knowledge
• Scientific discoveries uncover underlying principles, while innovations convert these principles into useful applications.
• Who discovered X-Rays and what was their impact?

  Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, revolutionized medical imaging
• Which German-speaking scientist developed the Theory of Relativity?

  Albert Einstein
• Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch's synthesis of ammonia enabled the mass production of fertilizers
• Match the discovery with its scientist:

  X-Rays ↔️ Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

  Theory of Relativity ↔️ Albert Einstein

  Law of Conservation of Energy ↔️ Julius Robert von Mayer

  Chromatography ↔️ Martin and Synge
• How did the discovery of X-Rays impact society?

  Improved medical diagnosis and treatment
• The Law of Conservation of Energy is a fundamental principle in understanding energy
• What field benefited from the discovery of chromatography?

  Pharmaceuticals and environmental science
• How did the Synthesis of Ammonia by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch impact global food security?

  Increased food production through fertilizers
• The Law of Conservation of Energy is a fundamental principle in understanding energy and its applications
• X-Rays improved medical diagnosis and treatment.
• The Theory of Relativity advanced our understanding of the universe and led to technological innovations
• Which scientific discovery increased food production through fertilizers?

  Synthesis of Ammonia
• The discovery of X-Rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen revolutionized medical imaging
• Ethical considerations in scientific research include:

  1️⃣ Obtaining informed consent

  2️⃣ Ensuring data integrity

  3️⃣ Promoting animal welfare

  4️⃣ Disclosing conflicts of interest
• Ethical research increases the validity and reliability of findings.
• In Germany, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) sets ethical guidelines
• What is the primary focus of scientific discovery?

  Gaining understanding
• Newton's laws of motion are an example of scientific innovation.

  False
• Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity reshaped our understanding of energy, gravity, and space-time
• Who formulated the Law of Conservation of Energy?

  Julius Robert von Mayer
• Match the innovation with its inventor(s):

  Aspirin ↔️ Felix Hoffmann

  Computer ↔️ Konrad Zuse

  Automobile ↔️ Karl Benz

  MP3 Compression ↔️ Karlheinz Brandenburg
• X-Rays revolutionized medical imaging by enabling the accurate diagnosis of internal conditions.
• What does integrity in scientific research ensure?

  Honesty and accuracy
• In clinical trials, informed consent ensures participants understand the study and its potential risks
• Key future trends in science and technology include:

  1️⃣ Artificial Intelligence

  2️⃣ Renewable Energy

  3️⃣ Biotechnology

  4️⃣ Quantum Computing