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Topic 11: Research Methods – How do you carry out psychological research?
11.5 Research Procedures
11.5.4 Reporting Findings
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What are the two key components needed to start a research study?
Research question and hypotheses
A research question is a specific query that guides the investigation, while hypotheses are testable
predictions
There are two main types of hypotheses: null and
alternative
.
Match the hypothesis type with its definition:
Null Hypothesis ↔️ Predicts no effect
Alternative Hypothesis ↔️ Predicts an effect
What does the null hypothesis (
H
0
H0
H
0
) predict?
No effect or difference
What does the alternative hypothesis (
H
1
H1
H
1
) predict?
An effect or difference
A null hypothesis predicts no effect, while an alternative hypothesis predicts an
effect
An example of a null hypothesis is "There is no difference in memory recall between males and
females
."
An example of an alternative hypothesis is "There is a difference in memory recall between males and
females
."
If the research question is "Is there a difference in memory recall between males and females?", the null hypothesis is "there is no
difference
Match the data approach with its characteristics:
Quantitative Data ↔️ Numerical, measured statistically
Qualitative Data ↔️ Descriptive, explores experiences
What type of data is numerical and analyzed statistically?
Quantitative data
What type of data captures experiences and attitudes in detail?
Qualitative data
The introduction of a research report provides a brief overview of the study's aims and
hypotheses
The purpose of the introduction is to explain why the
research
was conducted.
What is a research question in psychological research?
Specific query guiding investigation
The null hypothesis predicts no
effect
Data in psychological research can be collected using quantitative and
qualitative
approaches.
What is an example of quantitative data collection in psychology?
Measuring anxiety levels
What are the two main approaches for collecting data in psychological research?
Quantitative and Qualitative
Quantitative data is numerical data that can be measured and analyzed
statistically
What type of data captures experiences, attitudes, and behaviors in detail?
Qualitative data
Quantitative
data
uses structured questionnaires and experiments to collect data
Match the data type with its definition:
Numerical data ↔️ Quantitative data
Descriptive data ↔️ Qualitative data
What is an example of collecting quantitative data in anxiety research?
Rating anxiety levels on a scale
Qualitative data is often collected using unstructured
interviews
Quantitative data uses numerical scales to measure
variables
What is the purpose of the introduction section in a research report?
To orient the reader
The context of the introduction provides background
information
What are specific questions the study aims to answer called in the introduction?
Research questions
Order the key elements of the methods section in a research report:
1️⃣ Participants
2️⃣ Design
3️⃣ Materials
4️⃣ Procedures
What do materials in the methods section include?
Questionnaires and equipment
The methods section ensures the study's transparency and
replicability
What should the results section present accurately?
The study's findings
Data presentation in the results section often uses tables or
graphs
Findings from research on screen time and sleep align with the
stimulus-response theory
What does the null hypothesis predict in research?
No effect or no difference
An example of a null hypothesis is that there is no difference in memory recall between males and
females
The alternative hypothesis predicts an effect or a
difference
Match the data collection method with its corresponding approach:
Structured questionnaires ↔️ Quantitative
In-depth interviews ↔️ Qualitative
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