9.1.3 Self-Report Methods

• Self-report methods involve participants providing direct information about their own thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and attitudes
• Self-report methods include questionnaires and interviews.
• One advantage of self-report methods is direct access to internal states
• One disadvantage of self-report methods is vulnerability to response bias
• There are two main types of self-report methods: questionnaires and interviews
• Questionnaires typically use a closed-ended format for data collection.
• Structured interviews allow for deeper exploration of individual responses.

  False
• A common questionnaire format is the Likert scale
• Unstructured interviews do not follow a standardized set of questions.
• Self-report methods provide researchers with direct access to internal states.
• There are two main types of self-report methods: questionnaires and interviews
• Questionnaires minimize the impact of interviewer bias.
• Steps to design a self-report study:

  1️⃣ Define research objectives

  2️⃣ Choose self-report method

  3️⃣ Develop questions

  4️⃣ Pilot test questions

  5️⃣ Collect data

  6️⃣ Analyze responses
• Interviews allow for deeper exploration of individual responses
• Structured interviews are time-consuming for each participant.
• Self-report methods provide direct access to internal states
• Likert scale surveys are efficient for collecting attitudes from large samples.
• Response bias occurs when participants provide answers they think are socially acceptable
• Verifying the accuracy of self-reports is a major challenge.
• Response bias occurs when participants provide answers they think are socially acceptable
• Complex questions in self-report methods can lead to misinterpretation due to varying comprehension levels
• Difficulty in verifying the accuracy of self-reports arises from reliance on honesty and recall
• What are the two main types of self-report methods?

  Questionnaires and interviews
• Arrange the advantages of self-report methods from most to least significant:

  1️⃣ Direct access to internal states

  2️⃣ Efficiency in data collection

  3️⃣ Flexibility in question design
• Interviews can be structured or unstructured
• What type of data collection do questionnaires use?

  Written responses
• Interviews offer higher flexibility compared to questionnaires
• Match the advantage of self-report methods with its description:

  Direct access to internal states ↔️ Understanding participants' thoughts

  Efficiency in data collection ↔️ Gathering information from large samples

  Flexibility in question design ↔️ Tailoring questions to specific objectives
• Response bias is a disadvantage of self-report methods because participants may provide socially acceptable answers
• Potential for misinterpretation arises from the varying comprehension levels of participants
• What is one key challenge in self-report methods due to reliance on honesty and recall?

  Verifying accuracy
• Arrange the ethical considerations in self-report research in order of importance:

  1️⃣ Informed consent

  2️⃣ Privacy

  3️⃣ Confidentiality

  4️⃣ Non-harm
• Informed consent ensures participants understand the study's purpose, procedures, and potential risks
• Storing data securely and anonymously ensures confidentiality in self-report research
• What does validity in self-report methods ensure?

  Measuring what is intended
• Test-retest reliability measures consistency over time
• Inter-rater reliability checks agreement between multiple observers or raters