10.4.1 Darwin's Evolutionary Theory

• Non-verbal communication is the process of conveying messages without using words
• Smiling is an example of non-verbal communication.
• Match the key concepts of Darwin's Evolutionary Theory with their descriptions:

  Natural Selection ↔️ Survival and reproduction of organisms with advantageous traits

  Genetic Variation ↔️ Different traits among individuals in a population

  Adaptation ↔️ Evolutionary change that enhances survival
• Darwin argued in his book "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" that many non-verbal behaviours evolved to communicate emotions and intentions
• Innate behaviors are genetically programmed patterns of action that require learning.

  False
• What is the role of innate non-verbal expressions according to Darwin's Evolutionary Theory?

  Enhance survival and social cohesion
• Universal emotional expressions are recognized and understood across cultures
• Match the primary emotions with their corresponding expressions:

  Happiness ↔️ Smiling, raised cheeks

  Sadness ↔️ Frowning, teary eyes

  Anger ↔️ Furrowed brows, tense lips

  Fear ↔️ Widened eyes, open mouth

  Surprise ↔️ Raised eyebrows, open mouth
• What influences the expression and interpretation of universal emotions in different contexts?

  Cultural norms
• Arrange the key forms of non-verbal communication in terms of their primary function:

  1️⃣ Body language

  2️⃣ Facial expressions

  3️⃣ Gestures

  4️⃣ Tone of voice
• The pitch, rhythm, and loudness of one's voice is referred to as their tone
• Nodding signals agreement in non-verbal communication.
• What is non-verbal communication?

  Conveying messages without words
• Body language refers to posture, stance, and movements that communicate attitude
• Match the non-verbal cue with its meaning:

  Smiling ↔️ Happiness

  Nodding ↔️ Agreement

  Crossing arms ↔️ Defensiveness
• What is the key mechanism of Darwin's Evolutionary Theory?

  Natural selection
• Genetic variation refers to the different traits among individuals in a population.
• In his book, "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals", Darwin argued that many non-verbal behaviours evolved to communicate intentions
• What are innate behaviors in the context of non-verbal communication?

  Genetically programmed patterns
• Match the behavior with its function and survival advantage:

  Smiling ↔️ Happiness ||| Promotes social bonds

  Frowning ↔️ Displeasure ||| Deters confrontation

  Raised eyebrows ↔️ Surprise ||| Alerts to potential threats
• Universal emotional expressions are recognized across cultures and are considered innate.
• What is the universal emotional expression for happiness?

  Smiling
• Surprise is expressed through raised eyebrows and an open mouth
• Arrange the six primary emotional expressions based on their descriptions:

  1️⃣ Happiness: Smiling, raised cheeks

  2️⃣ Sadness: Frowning, teary eyes

  3️⃣ Anger: Furrowed brows, tense lips

  4️⃣ Fear: Widened eyes, open mouth

  5️⃣ Disgust: Wrinkled nose, curled lip

  6️⃣ Surprise: Raised eyebrows, open mouth