7.2.1 Factors Influencing Identity

• What does the term 'identity' refer to in psychology?

  An individual's sense of self
• Biological factors influencing identity include heredity, genetic predispositions, and brain structure
• How do social and cultural factors influence identity?

  By shaping beliefs and behaviors
• Personal experiences can significantly shape an individual's identity.
• What are three key components of identity according to the study material?

  Characteristics, beliefs, values
• A person's identity might be influenced by their family, culture, and social environment
• Biological factors are primarily determined by genetics.
• What is a genetic predisposition in the context of biological factors influencing identity?

  Inclination to certain traits
• Psychological factors such as personality, self-esteem, beliefs, and motivation shape an individual's behavior
• Order the social and cultural influences on identity from most immediate to broadest.

  1️⃣ Family

  2️⃣ Peer groups

  3️⃣ Culture

  4️⃣ Media

  5️⃣ Societal norms
• What is the role of peer groups in shaping identity?

  Impact behaviors and self-perception
• Personal experiences can contribute to self-esteem and beliefs, influencing identity.
• Match Erik Erikson's developmental stages with their corresponding psychosocial conflicts:

  Infancy (0-1.5 years) ↔️ Trust vs. Mistrust

  Adolescence (12-18 years) ↔️ Identity vs. Role Confusion

  Young Adulthood (18-40 years) ↔️ Intimacy vs. Isolation

  Late Adulthood (65+ years) ↔️ Integrity vs. Despair
• How do cognitive processes such as memory and attention influence identity?

  By shaping perception and interaction
• Heredity refers to traits inherited from parents
• Brain structure differences can affect personality and behavior.
• What are biological factors determined by?

  Genetics
• Heredity refers to traits inherited from parents
• Individual brain differences can affect personality and behavior.
• What are psychological factors defined as?

  Elements within the mind
• Someone with high self-esteem is likely to feel confident and pursue their goals with motivation
• Social and cultural influences significantly shape our identity.
• Match the social or cultural influence with its key aspect:

  Family ↔️ Initial interactions, values

  Peer Groups ↔️ Social dynamics, trends

  Media ↔️ Role models, societal expectations

  Culture ↔️ Beliefs, traditions, practices
• What are personal experiences influenced by?

  Significant events
• Completing a challenging project can boost self-confidence and reinforce a belief in one's abilities
• Developmental stages are influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
• Which theorist proposed the eight stages of psychosocial development?

  Erik Erikson
• Match the developmental stage with its associated conflict:

  Trust vs. Mistrust ↔️ Basic needs met or neglected

  Initiative vs. Guilt ↔️ Starting tasks or feeling guilty

  Intimacy vs. Isolation ↔️ Forming close relationships or experiencing loneliness

  Integrity vs. Despair ↔️ Reflecting positively on life or feeling regretful
• Cognitive processes such as memory and attention shape our identity.
• What are the components of emotions according to the study material?

  Cognitive appraisal, physiological changes, expressive behaviors, subjective experience
• Affect is a broader term encompassing emotions, moods, and attitudes
• Emotions motivate behavior toward goals.
• What does self-esteem refer to?

  Overall sense of self-worth
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Self-Perception ↔️ How individuals view themselves

  Self-Esteem ↔️ Overall sense of self-worth
• What is the primary focus of Marcia's Identity Statuses?

  Exploration and commitment
• Erikson's stages highlight psychosocial conflicts, while Marcia's statuses focus on exploration and commitment.