3.1.1 Structure and Function of the Brain

• Which brain regions are associated with aggression?

  Amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus
• The amygdala processes emotions and fear responses; excessive activity can trigger aggressive behavior
• Low activity in the prefrontal cortex reduces impulsivity and aggression.

  False
• What does the hypothalamus control that influences aggression?

  Hormone secretion
• High activity in the amygdala can trigger aggressive behavior by increasing emotional reactivity
• Low activity in the prefrontal cortex can lead to more impulsive actions.
• How does the hypothalamus influence aggressive responses?

  Modulates hormone levels
• Heightened activity in the amygdala can trigger aggression by processing emotions like fear and anger
• Low activity in the prefrontal cortex impairs impulse control and promotes aggressive behavior.
• Which neurotransmitter deficiency can increase impulsivity and aggression?

  GABA
• Low levels of serotonin are associated with increased aggression
• High dopamine levels can increase proactive aggression.
• What is the role of GABA in aggression?

  Reduces anxiety and promotes relaxation
• Order the following brain regions based on their primary function in aggression:

  1️⃣ Amygdala: Processes emotions and fear responses

  2️⃣ Prefrontal Cortex: Regulates impulsivity and aggression

  3️⃣ Hypothalamus: Controls hormone secretion
• Match each brain region with its function in aggression:

  Amygdala ↔️ Processes emotions and fear responses

  Prefrontal Cortex ↔️ Regulates impulsivity and decision-making

  Hypothalamus ↔️ Controls hormone secretion
• The amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus work independently to regulate aggression.

  False
• What emotions does the amygdala process in relation to aggression?

  Fear and anger
• The prefrontal cortex regulates impulsivity, and low activity can promote aggressive behavior
• What does the hypothalamus control in relation to aggression?

  Hormone secretion
• The amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hypothalamus work independently to influence aggression.

  False
• Match the brain region with its function in aggression:

  Amygdala ↔️ Processes fear and anger

  Prefrontal Cortex ↔️ Regulates impulsivity

  Hypothalamus ↔️ Controls hormone secretion
• Which neurotransmitter inhibits aggressive impulses by regulating mood and impulse control?

  Serotonin
• High levels of dopamine can increase proactive aggression
• What reward pathway does dopamine activate in relation to aggression?

  Drive and motivation
• Brain lesions in the prefrontal cortex can reduce impulse control, leading to increased aggression.
• What effect does a lesion in the amygdala have on aggression?

  Heightens emotional reactivity
• Phineas Gage's case demonstrates how damage to the prefrontal cortex can lead to increased irritability