1.2.4 Factors Affecting Prejudice

• What is the definition of prejudice?

  Preconceived negative attitude
• Prejudice consists of three main components: attitude, negativity, and generalization
• Prejudice is always based on positive evaluations of a group

  False
• What is an example of a generalization in prejudice?

  All teenagers are rebellious
• Match the component of prejudice with its description:

  Attitude ↔️ Evaluation, positive or negative

  Negativity ↔️ Negative views about the group

  Generalization ↔️ Applying negative attitudes to all members
• What does Social Learning Theory propose about prejudice?

  It is learned through observation
• In Social Learning Theory, prejudice can be learned through modeling, reinforcement, and cognitive processes
• Prejudiced attitudes can be reinforced through online forums
• Match the theory with its focus and mechanism:

  Social Learning Theory ↔️ Observational learning, reinforcement

  Social Identity Theory ↔️ Group membership, in-group bias

  Realistic Conflict Theory ↔️ Resource competition, hostility
• What is the key factor in Realistic Conflict Theory that leads to prejudice?

  Resource scarcity
• In Realistic Conflict Theory, intergroup competition intensifies rivalry between groups
• Immigrants may face increased prejudice during economic downturns due to job competition
• What does Social Identity Theory emphasize that Realistic Conflict Theory does not?

  In-group favoritism
• What is the definition of prejudice?

  Preconceived negative attitude
• The attitude component of prejudice refers to an evaluation that can be either positive or negative
• What does the negativity component of prejudice describe?

  Negative views about groups
• Generalization in prejudice involves applying negative attitudes to all members of a group.
• The belief that all teenagers are rebellious and irresponsible is an example of prejudice
• According to Social Learning Theory, how is prejudice learned?

  Observation and imitation
• Steps in Social Learning Theory's process for acquiring prejudice

  1️⃣ Modeling prejudiced attitudes

  2️⃣ Reinforcement for prejudiced views

  3️⃣ Internalizing prejudiced attitudes
• What does Realistic Conflict Theory posit as the primary cause of prejudice?

  Competition over resources
• Resource scarcity is a key component of Realistic Conflict Theory, which leads to intergroup competition
• Realistic Conflict Theory emphasizes competition for resources, whereas Social Identity Theory focuses on group membership.
• What is Social Identity Theory's core concept regarding group affiliation?

  Defining self through groups
• Steps in Social Identity Theory's process for forming prejudice

  1️⃣ Social Categorization

  2️⃣ Social Identification

  3️⃣ Social Comparison
• What is in-group bias in Social Identity Theory?

  Favoring one's own group
• Stereotyping involves holding generalized beliefs about traits and behaviors within a social category
• Illusory correlation occurs when two distinctive events co-occur, leading to faulty conclusions.
• How do cognitive factors contribute to prejudice?

  Simplifying social information
• Match each theory with its key focus:

  Social Learning Theory ↔️ Observational learning

  Realistic Conflict Theory ↔️ Resource competition

  Social Identity Theory ↔️ Group membership

  Cognitive Factors ↔️ Information processing
• What is one key mechanism of Social Learning Theory in the context of prejudice?

  Modeling
• Reinforcement in Social Learning Theory involves avoiding punishment for expressing prejudiced views
• Order the key mechanisms of Social Learning Theory in the context of prejudice:

  1️⃣ Modeling

  2️⃣ Reinforcement

  3️⃣ Cognitive Processes
• Adults can learn prejudice through online forums and social circles.
• What is a key difference between Social Learning Theory and Realistic Conflict Theory in explaining prejudice?

  Focus on observation
• Realistic Conflict Theory posits that prejudice arises when groups compete over scarce resources
• Intergroup competition in Realistic Conflict Theory intensifies rivalry between groups.
• What theory emphasizes group membership as the primary source of prejudice, without needing resource scarcity?

  Social Identity Theory
• Social categorization in Social Identity Theory involves identifying oneself as part of a group
• Order the processes in Social Identity Theory that contribute to prejudice:

  1️⃣ In-Group Bias

  2️⃣ Out-Group Derogation