5.3.2 Factors Influencing Helping Behaviour

• Prosocial Behaviour refers to actions that benefit others, such as helping, sharing, or cooperating
• Prosocial behavior is voluntary and intended to assist others.
• An example of prosocial behavior is helping someone carry their bags
• Prosocial Behaviour refers to actions that benefit others, such as helping, sharing, or cooperating
• Prosocial behavior is always intended to benefit the helper.

  False
• The bystander effect reduces the likelihood of helping because the presence of others diffuses responsibility
• Arrange the following factors in order of their effect on helping behavior, from most negative to most positive:

  1️⃣ Bystander effect

  2️⃣ Social norms

  3️⃣ Empathy

  4️⃣ Altruism
• The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others reduces the likelihood of helping
• Feeling empathy for someone in need increases the likelihood of helping them.
• The bystander effect decreases helping because it reduces the sense of individual responsibility
• What is the role of social norms in prosocial behavior?

  Encourage or discourage helping
• What is the bystander effect?

  Others reduce likelihood of helping
• Empathy increases the likelihood of helping behavior.
• Social norms can either encourage or discourage helping behaviour
• Which personal characteristic is associated with increased helping behavior?

  Altruism
• Empathy and social norms together can increase the likelihood of helping someone in need.
• The bystander effect is caused by diffusion of responsibility
• How does social influence contribute to the bystander effect?

  Others' inaction reduces intervention
• The Kitty Genovese murder is a real-world example of the bystander effect.
• What is prosocial behavior?

  Actions benefiting others
• Prosocial behavior is voluntary and intended to assist another individual or group
• What are the two primary causes of the bystander effect?

  Diffusion of responsibility and social influence
• Order the steps a person might take to overcome the bystander effect:

  1️⃣ Recognize the situation requires help

  2️⃣ Overcome diffusion of responsibility

  3️⃣ Take personal responsibility

  4️⃣ Help the individual in need
• What are personal characteristics that influence helping behavior?

  Traits and attitudes
• Altruism is a personal characteristic that increases the likelihood of helping
• Match the situational factor with its effect on helping behavior:

  Bystander Effect ↔️ Decreases helping

  Social Influence ↔️ Others' reactions influence helping
• Social influence refers to how others' reactions affect an individual's decision to help.
• What is the effect of the Bystander Effect on helping behavior?

  Decreases helping
• The Bystander Effect occurs because the presence of others reduces the likelihood of helping
• What happens to helping behavior if others seem unconcerned in a situation?

  Decreases helping
• Prosocial behavior is voluntary and intended to assist others.
• An example of prosocial behavior is donating to charity
• What is the Bystander Effect caused by?

  Diffusion of responsibility
• In the Bystander Effect, diffusion of responsibility reduces the likelihood of individuals assuming action
• What is a real-world example of the Bystander Effect?

  Kitty Genovese murder
• Altruism is a personal characteristic that increases the likelihood of helping others.
• How does a positive mood affect helping behavior?

  Promotes helping
• Social Exchange Theory suggests that helping behavior is motivated by a cost-benefit analysis