6.2.2 Specific Immune Responses

• What is the specific immune response defined as?

  A targeted defense
• Specific immunity relies on recognizing unique antigens
• Lymphocytes play a key role in specific immune responses
• Match the type of lymphocyte with its function:

  T helper cells ↔️ Coordinate immune response

  B cells ↔️ Produce antibodies

  T cytotoxic cells ↔️ Kill infected cells
• What is the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

  Present antigens to lymphocytes
• T helper cells activate other immune cells
• Cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells
• What is the role of B cells in antibody production?

  Produce antibodies
• Match the antibody component with its function:

  Variable region ↔️ Binds to antigens

  Constant region ↔️ Binds to immune cells
• Steps of clonal selection and expansion

  1️⃣ Antigen binds to B cell

  2️⃣ B cell divides rapidly

  3️⃣ Antibody production increases

  4️⃣ Clonal population of B cells forms
• What is the role of memory cells in long-term immunity?

  Provide rapid response to re-infection
• The specific immune response involves both humoral and cell-mediated immunity
• The first stage of the specific immune response is antigen presentation by macrophages
• What is the mode of action in humoral immunity?

  Antibody production
• T cytotoxic cells are required in cell-mediated immunity
• Match the type of immunity with its characteristic:

  Innate immunity ↔️ Immediate, non-specific defense

  Specific immunity ↔️ Targeted response to pathogens
• The response time of innate immunity is immediate
• What is the specificity of innate immunity?

  Non-specific
• Steps of the specific immune response involving lymphocytes

  1️⃣ Antigen presentation by APCs

  2️⃣ Activation of T helper cells

  3️⃣ B cell proliferation

  4️⃣ Antibody production

  5️⃣ Formation of memory cells
• B cells produce antibodies in the specific immune response
• What do T helper cells activate during the specific immune response?

  Immune cells
• T cytotoxic cells kill infected cells
• What do B cells produce to neutralize pathogens?

  Antibodies
• T cytotoxic cells directly kill infected cells
• What type of immunity do memory cells provide?

  Long-term immunity
• Match the lymphocyte with its function:

  B cells ↔️ Produce antibodies

  T helper cells ↔️ Activate immune cells

  T cytotoxic cells ↔️ Kill infected cells

  Memory cells ↔️ Long-term immunity
• Lymphocytes are key components of the specific immune response
• What is the specificity of innate immunity?

  Non-specific
• B cells and T cells are components of specific immunity.
• What do T helper cells activate in the immune response?

  Other immune cells
• T cytotoxic cells directly kill infected cells
• T cells are classified into helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory types.
• What do B cells produce to neutralize pathogens?

  Antibodies
• Helper T cells activate other immune cells
• What are the three types of T cells?

  Helper, cytotoxic, regulatory
• Match the lymphocyte type with its function:

  T cells ↔️ Regulate and attack pathogens

  Helper T cells ↔️ Activate other immune cells

  Cytotoxic T cells ↔️ Kill infected cells

  B cells ↔️ Produce antibodies
• Lymphocyte activation requires antigen presentation on MHC molecules.
• Steps in lymphocyte activation:

  1️⃣ Antigen presentation by macrophages

  2️⃣ Activation of T helper cells

  3️⃣ B cell activation
• Which type of immunity involves antibody production by B cells?

  Humoral
• In humoral immunity, B cells produce antibodies