5.4.1 Evidence for Climate Change

• What is the definition of climate change?

  Long-term shift in climate patterns
• Rising global temperatures and altered precipitation patterns are indicators of climate change
• Climate change is the same as short-term weather fluctuations.

  False
• Name three natural factors that affect climate.

  Solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, ocean currents
• More solar radiation leads to warmer temperatures
• Variations in Earth's orbit around the sun can cause ice ages.
• How do volcanic eruptions affect the climate?

  Block sunlight, cause cooling
• The Mount Tambora eruption in 1815 caused a year without summer
• What is the impact of ocean currents on regional temperatures?

  Redistribute heat
• The Gulf Stream brings warmer waters to Europe.
• What are anthropogenic factors affecting climate?

  Human activities influencing climate
• Anthropogenic factors include greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and land use changes
• Deforestation reduces the planet's ability to absorb carbon dioxide.
• What are the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions?

  Burning fossil fuels
• Land use changes, such as urbanization, affect the Earth's surface albedo
• Climate change is distinct from weather fluctuations.
• Which natural factor can cause temporary cooling by blocking sunlight?

  Volcanic eruptions
• Solar radiation is the energy received from the sun
• Variations in Earth's orbit cause ice ages.
• Match the natural factor with its impact:

  Solar Radiation ↔️ Influences global temperature

  Volcanic Eruptions ↔️ Temporary cooling

  Ocean Currents ↔️ Redistributes heat
• How does solar radiation influence climate?

  Influences global temperature
• Volcanic eruptions release ash and gas, which cause cooling
• Ocean currents redistribute heat around the globe.
• Match the natural factor with its impact:

  Solar Radiation ↔️ Influences global temperature

  Volcanic Eruptions ↔️ Temporary cooling
• What example is given for the impact of ocean currents on climate?

  Gulf Stream warming Europe
• The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 caused a "year without summer."
• Greenhouse gas emissions are primarily caused by burning fossil fuels, industrial processes, and agriculture
• How does deforestation contribute to climate change?

  Reduces carbon sinks
• Arrange the periods of global temperature change in chronological order:

  1️⃣ Pre-Industrial Era

  2️⃣ Early 20th Century

  3️⃣ Late 20th Century to Present
• What are the primary causes of sea level rise?

  Thermal expansion and ice melt
• Thermal expansion accounts for approximately 50% of sea level rise.
• Tide gauges measure the height of the sea relative to a fixed point on land
• What do ice cores use to infer past temperatures?

  $^{18}O / ^{16}O$ ratio
• Atmospheric CO2 levels are higher than any time in the past 800,000 years.
• Climate change refers to a long-term shift in global or regional patterns
• How does increased solar radiation affect climate?

  Raises global temperatures
• What are three natural factors affecting climate?

  Solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, ocean currents
• Increased solar radiation leads to a rise in global temperatures
• What year did the Mount Tambora eruption occur, leading to a "year without summer"?

  1815
• The Gulf Stream is an ocean current that warms Europe.