7.1.4 Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction

• What are the components of the musculoskeletal system?

  Bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons
• Bones form the body's framework and protect internal organs
• Ligaments connect muscles to bones.

  False
• Match the muscle type with its function:

  Skeletal ↔️ Voluntary movement

  Smooth ↔️ Involuntary movement of internal organs

  Cardiac ↔️ Heart contraction
• What is the functional unit of muscle contraction called?

  Sarcomere
• Sarcomeres contain actin and myosin filaments.
• ATP is the primary energy source for muscle contraction
• Order the energy sources for muscle contraction based on their utilization time from shortest to longest:

  1️⃣ ATP

  2️⃣ Creatine Phosphate

  3️⃣ Glycogen

  4️⃣ Fat
• How long can creatine phosphate provide energy for muscle cells?

  10-20 seconds
• Creatine phosphate rapidly replenishes ATP
• Glycogen can produce ATP without oxygen.
• What is a disadvantage of using fat as an energy source for muscle contraction?

  Requires oxygen, slow breakdown
• Match the muscle type with its characteristic:

  Skeletal ↔️ Voluntary movement

  Smooth ↔️ Involuntary movement of internal organs

  Cardiac ↔️ Heart contraction
• What does ATP break down into during hydrolysis?

  ADP and a phosphate group
• ATP provides immediate energy for muscle contraction.
• During short bursts of activity, ATP provides the necessary energy
• What is the energy source for long-term muscle activity?

  Fat
• What is the primary energy source for muscle contraction?

  ATP
• When a muscle contracts, ATP undergoes hydrolysis, releasing energy.
• Arrange the energy sources for muscle contraction in order of utilization time from shortest to longest.

  1️⃣ ATP

  2️⃣ Creatine Phosphate

  3️⃣ Glycogen

  4️⃣ Fat
• ATP provides immediate energy but is limited in availability.
• Which energy source rapidly replenishes ATP for short-term bursts?

  Creatine Phosphate
• Fat produces ATP with oxygen and has a high yield but requires a slow breakdown.
• Glycogen produces ATP without oxygen but is slower than ATP hydrolysis.
• What are the components of the musculoskeletal system?

  Bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons
• Match the muscle type with its primary characteristic:

  Skeletal ↔️ Voluntary movement

  Smooth ↔️ Involuntary movement

  Cardiac ↔️ Heart contraction
• What is the functional unit of muscle contraction?

  Sarcomere
• Cardiac muscle cells are striated and have intercalated discs.
• There are three types of muscle tissues: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
• What is required for aerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  Oxygen
• Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
• Anaerobic respiration, also known as glycolysis, produces ATP and lactic acid in the cytoplasm.
• Match the energy source with its utilization time during exercise:

  ATP ↔️ Instant

  Creatine Phosphate ↔️ Short-term

  Glycogen ↔️ Medium-term
• What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  Lactic acid