4.1.1 Levels of Biodiversity

• What is biodiversity defined as?

  Variety of life on Earth
• Genetic diversity refers to the variation within species
• What does species diversity measure in an ecosystem?

  Variety of species
• Ecosystem diversity refers to the range of different ecosystems present in a region.
• Order the three levels of biodiversity from smallest to largest scale.

  1️⃣ Genetic diversity

  2️⃣ Species diversity

  3️⃣ Ecosystem diversity
• Why is genetic diversity crucial for a species' survival?

  Adaptation to change
• An isolated island population typically has low genetic diversity
• Dark-colored peppered moths survived better when pollution darkened tree bark during the Industrial Revolution.
• Match the ecosystem with its characteristic species diversity:

  Coral reef ↔️ High species diversity

  Monoculture crop field ↔️ Low species diversity
• What ecosystem services depend on species diversity?

  Nutrient cycling, pollination
• A rainforest with its diverse species and ecosystems demonstrates high biodiversity.
• High biodiversity in a rainforest ensures its ability to withstand environmental changes
• Order the three levels of biodiversity by their example from the study material.

  1️⃣ Different colors of roses (genetic diversity)

  2️⃣ Coral reef ecosystem (species diversity)

  3️⃣ National park with forest, grasslands, rivers (ecosystem diversity)
• Why is genetic diversity essential for adaptation and disease resistance in species?

  Wide range of traits
• Match the genetic diversity level with its characteristic trait:

  High genetic diversity ↔️ Enhanced adaptation capability

  Low genetic diversity ↔️ Limited adaptation capability
• Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species.
• High genetic diversity increases the likelihood that some individuals within a population will thrive under new conditions.
• What example is used to illustrate adaptation due to genetic diversity during the Industrial Revolution?

  Peppered moth
• Species diversity refers to the variety of different species within a habitat or ecosystem.
• Species diversity is vital for ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and pollination.
• Which ecosystem is cited as an example of high ecosystem diversity?

  Tropical rainforest
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels.
• Arrange the three levels of biodiversity in order from smallest to largest:

  1️⃣ Genetic diversity

  2️⃣ Species diversity

  3️⃣ Ecosystem diversity
• Match each level of biodiversity with its example:

  Genetic diversity ↔️ Different colors of roses

  Species diversity ↔️ Coral reef ecosystem

  Ecosystem diversity ↔️ National park with forest, grasslands, rivers
• Genetic diversity allows species to adapt to changing environments.
• High species diversity in an ecosystem typically indicates stability and resilience.
• What is an example of an ecosystem with low species diversity?

  Monoculture farm
• Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of different ecosystems within a region.
• A tropical rainforest is an example of high ecosystem diversity.
• What is an example of a species where genetic diversity has led to adaptation in polluted environments?

  Peppered moths
• Species diversity reflects the complexity and health of an environment.
• What is one key benefit of genetic diversity for a species?

  Increased resilience
• In a rainforest, genetic diversity within plant species supports the species diversity of insects and animals.