3.4.3 Environmental Influences

• What is gene expression?

  Functional gene product synthesis
• Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that control when and where gene expression occurs
• Match the feature with its corresponding term:

  Definition of gene expression ↔️ Process of making functional gene products

  Stages of gene expression ↔️ Transcription and translation

  Environmental influence on gene expression ↔️ Affects protein amount
• Environmental factors can affect the amount of protein produced in gene expression.
• What are some key environmental factors that influence gene expression?

  Temperature, light, nutrients, hormones, toxins
• Temperature regulates protein production by altering transcription factor binding
• How does light affect gene expression in plants?

  Activates light-sensitive receptors
• Nutrients affect enzyme production for nutrient breakdown through signal transduction pathways.
• What is the role of hormones in gene expression?

  Stimulate or inhibit transcription
• Toxins induce protective proteins through stress response pathways
• What happens to protein production at high temperatures?

  Increases heat shock proteins
• What metabolic process relies on light-sensitive receptors in plants?

  Photosynthesis
• The lactose operon in bacteria is an example of nutrient-mediated signal transduction pathways
• Which hormone regulates glucose uptake in cells?

  Insulin
• Which enzymes in the liver are induced by toxins to detoxify harmful substances?

  Cytochrome P450
• Temperature influences gene expression by affecting transcription factors and inducing heat shock proteins.
• Order the steps of photosynthesis in plants:

  1️⃣ Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll

  2️⃣ Carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose

  3️⃣ Oxygen is released as a byproduct
• What is the role of light in animal circadian rhythms?

  Regulates sleep-wake cycles
• Vitamin D synthesis in animals is influenced by light
• Match the chemical type with its effect on gene expression:

  Hormones ↔️ Stimulate or inhibit transcription

  Toxins ↔️ Induce protective proteins

  Nutrients ↔️ Affect enzyme production
• Gene expression involves transcription and translation.
• What is the main goal of gene regulation?

  Control gene product synthesis
• What is gene expression?

  Synthesizing functional gene products
• Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that control when and where gene expression occurs
• Gene expression involves only transcription.

  False
• What are some key environmental factors that influence gene expression?

  Temperature, light, nutrients, hormones, toxins
• High temperatures increase the production of heat shock proteins
• Light does not play a role in regulating gene expression.

  False
• Steps in photosynthesis driven by light in plants

  1️⃣ Light energy absorbed

  2️⃣ CO₂ and H₂O converted

  3️⃣ Glucose and oxygen produced
• Match the light-sensitive receptor with its function:

  Melanopsin ↔️ Circadian rhythms

  7-dehydrocholesterol ↔️ Vitamin D synthesis
• What are three primary types of chemicals that influence gene expression?

  Hormones, toxins, nutrients
• Hormones stimulate or inhibit transcription by binding to specific receptors
• Toxins trigger stress response pathways in the liver to increase detoxification.
• What is an example of a nutrient affecting gene expression in bacteria?

  Lactose operon in bacteria
• Insulin regulates glucose uptake by binding to its receptors
• Which nutrient is essential for calcium absorption?

  Vitamin D
• Epigenetic modifications change the DNA sequence of a gene.

  False
• Increased DNA methylation can silence stress response genes
• What epigenetic modification activates genes for photosynthesis in plants?

  Histone acetylation
• Gene expression includes both transcription and translation.