3.4.1 Transcription Factors

• Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control the rate of transcription
• Activators are transcription factors that enhance transcription
• Repressors are transcription factors that inhibit transcription
• What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

  Synthesizes RNA
• Activators enhance transcription by promoting RNA polymerase binding to DNA.
• Repressors inhibit transcription by preventing RNA polymerase binding to DNA.
• What are the two main types of transcription factors?

  Activators and repressors
• Transcription factors regulate whether a gene is turned on or off during gene expression.
• What do repressors prevent RNA polymerase from binding to?

  DNA
• Activators promote the recruitment of RNA polymerase to the gene's promoter
• Activators enhance transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to the gene's promoter
• Repressors inhibit transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from binding to DNA.
• What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

  Regulate transcription
• There are two main types of transcription factors: activators and repressors
• Activators enhance transcription by binding to enhancer regions.
• Where do repressors bind to inhibit transcription?

  Promoter regions
• Activators increase the rate of transcription, while repressors decrease
• Transcription factors have a specific structure that enables them to bind to DNA.
• Match the domain of a transcription factor with its function:

  DNA-binding domain ↔️ Binds to specific DNA sequences

  Activation domain ↔️ Recruits RNA polymerase

  Repression domain ↔️ Blocks RNA polymerase
• What is an example of an additional domain in transcription factors?

  Repression domain
• Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences called DNA-binding sites
• Activators enhance transcription when they bind to enhancers.
• Where do repressors bind to inhibit transcription?

  Promoter regions
• Transcription factors regulate transcription by promoting or inhibiting the recruitment of RNA polymerase
• Zinc finger motifs in transcription factors help them bind to specific DNA sequences.
• What is the primary role of transcription factors in gene expression?

  Control transcription rate
• Activators enhance transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase to the gene's promoter
• Repressors inhibit transcription by preventing RNA polymerase from binding to DNA.
• How do transcription factors regulate gene expression?

  Control transcription rate
• Transcription factors control the rate of transcription
• There are two main types of transcription factors: activators and repressors.
• What is the function of activators in transcription?

  Enhance transcription
• Repressors inhibit transcription by preventing RNA polymerase
• Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to control transcription.
• Which type of transcription factor enhances transcription?

  Activators
• Activators promote transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase
• Transcription factors regulate gene expression by either enhancing or repressing transcription.
• Steps involved in the regulation of transcription by transcription factors

  1️⃣ Transcription factor binds to DNA

  2️⃣ If activator, RNA polymerase is recruited

  3️⃣ If repressor, RNA polymerase is blocked
• Where do activators bind to increase transcription?

  Enhancers
• Transcription factors have a DNA-binding domain that recognizes specific DNA sequences