2.6.1 Prenatal Testing

• What is the primary purpose of prenatal testing?

  Identify fetal genetic abnormalities
• NIPT is a diagnostic test that confirms genetic abnormalities directly.

  False
• Amniocentesis is typically performed between 15-20 weeks
• What is the primary method used in amniocentesis?

  Extracting amniotic fluid
• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) has a slightly higher risk of miscarriage compared to amniocentesis.
• Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) carries no risk of miscarriage.
• Which two prenatal tests are considered diagnostic?

  Amniocentesis and CVS
• One purpose of prenatal testing is to assess the risk of inherited conditions.
• What are three potential decisions parents can make based on prenatal testing results?

  Continue, prepare, terminate
• Order the prenatal tests based on when they are typically performed during pregnancy.

  1️⃣ Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) - 10-13 weeks

  2️⃣ Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) - After 10 weeks

  3️⃣ Amniocentesis - 15-20 weeks
• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) involves removing cells from the placenta.
• Amniocentesis involves extracting amniotic fluid via a needle.
• Why does chorionic villus sampling (CVS) have a slightly higher risk than amniocentesis?

  It's performed earlier
• What are the three main types of prenatal tests?

  Amniocentesis, CVS, NIPT
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) involves removing cells from the placenta
• Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) analyzes fetal DNA from maternal blood.
• At what gestational age is Amniocentesis typically performed?

  15-20 weeks
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is performed between 10-13 weeks.
• After how many weeks can Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) be performed?

  After 10 weeks
• Prenatal tests help parents assess the risk of genetic abnormalities.
• Match the prenatal test with its description:

  Amniocentesis ↔️ Extracting amniotic fluid

  CVS ↔️ Removing placental cells

  NIPT ↔️ Analyzing fetal DNA from blood
• The purpose of prenatal testing is to identify potential fetal genetic abnormalities.
• Which prenatal test is highly accurate and has no risk associated with it?

  NIPT
• Diagnostic tests confirm or rule out specific genetic conditions.
• Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) screens for common chromosomal abnormalities.
• What method is used in NIPT to analyze fetal DNA?

  Maternal blood analysis
• Prenatal testing helps parents make informed choices about their pregnancy.
• Steps in prenatal testing decisions

  1️⃣ Assess risk of genetic abnormalities

  2️⃣ Make informed decisions (continue pregnancy, prepare for special needs, terminate)

  3️⃣ Prepare for childbirth with necessary knowledge
• Screening tests identify individuals who may have a genetic condition, while diagnostic tests confirm or rule out specific conditions
• What is the primary purpose of screening tests?

  Identify high-risk individuals
• Diagnostic tests usually carry no risk to the mother or fetus.

  False
• Match the prenatal test with its example:

  Screening test ↔️ NIPT

  Diagnostic test ↔️ Amniocentesis
• Steps of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)

  1️⃣ Maternal blood sample is taken

  2️⃣ Fetal DNA in blood is analyzed

  3️⃣ Results indicate risk of abnormalities

  4️⃣ Further diagnostic testing may be needed
• NIPT is beneficial due to its safety and high accuracy
• NIPT poses no risk to the fetus.
• When is amniocentesis typically performed during pregnancy?

  15-20 weeks
• Match the prenatal test with its key feature:

  NIPT ↔️ No risk

  Amniocentesis ↔️ Low miscarriage risk
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) involves removing cells from the placenta
• What type of test is CVS (Chorionic Villus Sampling)?

  Diagnostic
• Amniocentesis is performed earlier in pregnancy than CVS.

  False