2.2.1 Semi-Conservative Replication

• What is DNA replication?

  Exact copy of DNA
• DNA replication is crucial for cell division because it allows the transmission of genetic information from one generation of cells to the next
• DNA replication guarantees the inheritance of genetic information during cell division.
• What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?

  Hydrogen bonds
• Each nucleotide in DNA contains a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
• Adenine pairs with Thymine in DNA.
• What is semi-conservative replication?

  One old and new strand
• Steps of semi-conservative replication

  1️⃣ Unwinding by helicase

  2️⃣ Priming by primase

  3️⃣ Synthesis by DNA polymerase

  4️⃣ Proofreading by DNA polymerase

  5️⃣ Ligation by DNA ligase
• Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
• Which enzyme adds new nucleotides to the DNA template strand?

  DNA polymerase
• Semi-conservative replication results in two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand.
• What is one key function of DNA replication?

  Maintaining genetic continuity
• DNA is a double helix structure composed of two complementary strands
• Match the nitrogenous base with its correct pairing:

  Adenine ↔️ Thymine

  Cytosine ↔️ Guanine
• What does each new DNA molecule consist of after semi-conservative replication?

  One old and new strand
• DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to form a continuous strand.
• Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
• Which enzyme synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication?

  Primase
• Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

  DNA ligase
• The resulting DNA molecules in DNA replication each have one old and one new strand
• Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
• What enzyme synthesizes RNA primers to initiate DNA replication?

  Primase
• The leading strand is synthesized discontinuously during DNA replication.

  False
• Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand are joined together by ligase
• Why is DNA replication crucial for cell division?

  Ensures genetic continuity
• Steps of semi-conservative DNA replication

  1️⃣ Unwinding of the DNA double helix

  2️⃣ Synthesis of RNA primers

  3️⃣ Addition of nucleotides by DNA polymerase

  4️⃣ Proofreading by DNA polymerase

  5️⃣ Joining of Okazaki fragments by ligase
• Semi-conservative replication results in two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand
• What enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds to unwind DNA during replication?

  Helicase
• Match the DNA replication enzyme with its function:

  Helicase ↔️ Unwinds DNA double helix

  Primase ↔️ Synthesizes RNA primers

  DNA Polymerase ↔️ Adds nucleotides and proofreads

  Ligase ↔️ Joins Okazaki fragments
• Which strand during replication is synthesized continuously?

  Leading strand
• Semi-conservative replication ensures that each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand
• The parent DNA strand serves as a template for synthesizing the new DNA strand during semi-conservative replication.