2.1.1 Nucleotides

• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• What does RNA stand for?

  Ribonucleic Acid
• DNA is a double-stranded helix composed of nucleotides
• RNA is typically single-stranded.
• What is the chemical formula for the sugar in DNA?

  C_{5}H_{10}O_{4}</latex>
• What is the chemical formula for the sugar in RNA?

  $C_{5}H_{10}O_{5}$
• In DNA, the pentose sugar is called deoxyribose
• In RNA, the pentose sugar is called ribose
• Phosphodiester bonds connect nucleotides in nucleic acid chains.
• Which nitrogenous base is unique to DNA?

  Thymine
• Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA?

  Uracil
• Match the component with its description:

  Pentose Sugar ↔️ Forms the backbone of the nucleotide

  Phosphate Group ↔️ Connects nucleotides in chains

  Nitrogenous Base ↔️ Carries the genetic code
• What is the sugar found in RNA?

  Ribose
• What is the sugar found in DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• The chemical formula for the sugar in DNA is $C_{5}H_{10}O_{4}$
• The chemical formula for the sugar in RNA is $C_{5}H_{10}O_{5}$
• The chemical formula for DNA is (C_{5}H_{10}O_{4})_{n}
• DNA is a double-stranded helix, while RNA is typically single-stranded.
• What is the sugar in DNA called?

  Deoxyribose
• The nitrogenous base unique to DNA is thymine
• DNA and RNA have different sugar molecules.
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?

  Sugar, phosphate, base
• The pentose sugar in RNA is called ribose
• Purines have a double-ring structure, while pyrimidines have a single-ring structure.
• What forms the backbone of a nucleotide?

  Pentose sugar
• Match the nucleotide with its components:

  DNA ↔️ Deoxyribose, A, G, C, T

  RNA ↔️ Ribose, A, G, C, U
• DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
• Which nitrogenous base replaces thymine in RNA?

  Uracil
• DNA and RNA strands are connected through phosphodiester bonds.
• Steps in the formation of a DNA strand:

  1️⃣ Phosphodiester bonds form between nucleotides

  2️⃣ Water molecule is removed

  3️⃣ Linear chain of nucleotides is created
• DNA and RNA strands exhibit polarity with a 5' and 3' end.
• What is the primary role of DNA?

  Stores genetic information
• RNA participates in protein synthesis steps such as transcription and translation.
• What is the typical structure of RNA?

  Single-stranded
• The chemical formula for DNA is $(C_{5}H_{10}O_{4})_{n}$.
• What are the two types of pentose sugars found in nucleotides?

  Deoxyribose and ribose
• The phosphate group in a nucleotide is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar.
• To which carbon of the pentose sugar is the nitrogenous base attached?

  1'
• Pentose sugars form the backbone of DNA and RNA.
• Match the nucleotide component with its function:

  Pentose Sugar ↔️ Forms the backbone

  Phosphate Group ↔️ Connects nucleotides

  Nitrogenous Base ↔️ Carries the genetic code