1.7.3 Blood Clotting

• What is the scientific term for blood clotting?

  Hemostasis
• Blood clotting transforms liquid blood into a gel-like clot to stop bleeding.
• When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets adhere to the injury site and release chemicals like thromboxane A2 and ADP
• What are clotting factors involved in the coagulation cascade responsible for converting?

  Prothrombin to thrombin
• Fibrin fibers form a mesh to trap blood cells and stabilize the clot.
• Fibrin polymers are cross-linked by Factor XIII to strengthen the clot, while plasmin breaks it down during tissue healing.
• Which two chemicals released by activated platelets attract more platelets to the injury site?

  Thromboxane A2 and ADP
• Order the steps involved in blood clotting.

  1️⃣ Platelet Activation

  2️⃣ Coagulation Cascade

  3️⃣ Fibrin Clot Formation

  4️⃣ Clot Stabilisation and Dissolution
• What is the key role of platelets in blood clotting?

  Form fibrin clots
• Match the platelet function with its description.

  Adhesion ↔️ Attach to damaged blood vessels

  Activation ↔️ Release thromboxane A2 and ADP

  Aggregation ↔️ Form a platelet plug
• Clotting factors are enzymes and proteins in blood plasma that amplify the clotting response.
• The coagulation cascade ultimately leads to the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
• Which enzyme converts fibrinogen into fibrin?

  Thrombin
• Plasmin breaks down the fibrin clot during tissue healing.
• What is the role of clotting factors in the coagulation cascade?

  Convert prothrombin to thrombin
• Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
• Plasmin breaks down clots to restore blood flow during tissue healing.
• Arrange the steps of blood clotting in the correct sequence.

  1️⃣ Platelet Activation

  2️⃣ Coagulation Cascade

  3️⃣ Fibrin Clot Formation

  4️⃣ Clot Stabilisation and Dissolution
• Which chemicals are released by platelets during their activation?

  Thromboxane A2 and ADP
• Fibrin fibers form a mesh that traps blood cells and stabilizes the clot
• Factor XIII cross-links fibrin polymers to strengthen the clot.
• Match the platelet function with its description.

  Adhesion ↔️ Platelets attach to damaged blood vessels

  Activation ↔️ Platelets become activated and change shape

  Aggregation ↔️ Platelets aggregate to form a plug

  Clot Formation ↔️ Contribute to fibrin clot formation
• What chemical is released during platelet activation to attract more platelets?

  Thromboxane A2
• During activation, platelets change shape and release ADP
• Platelet aggregation forms a plug to stop bleeding.
• What type of clot is formed during blood clotting?

  Fibrin clot
• What is the crucial role of platelets in hemostasis?

  Adherence to damaged vessels
• Activated platelets release chemicals like thromboxane A2 and ADP
• Platelet aggregation is enhanced by thromboxane A2 and ADP.
• What are clotting factors essential for in blood clotting?

  Coagulation cascade
• The coagulation cascade involves activating inactive enzymes to convert prothrombin to thrombin
• Calcium ions enhance the activity of clotting enzymes in the coagulation cascade.
• What is the primary role of a fibrin clot in hemostasis?

  Stop bleeding
• Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
• Fibrin fibers interweave to form a mesh that traps blood cells and platelets in a clot.
• Steps in the formation of a fibrin clot:

  1️⃣ Thrombin activation

  2️⃣ Fibrinogen conversion

  3️⃣ Fibrin network formation
• Match the anticoagulant with its mechanism:

  Heparin ↔️ Enhances antithrombin activity

  Warfarin ↔️ Inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
• What is the role of protein C in anticoagulation?

  Inactivates Factor Va and VIIIa
• Blood clotting is also known as hemostasis.
• The coagulation cascade involves clotting factors that convert prothrombin to thrombin