1.5.1 Amino Acids

• What are amino acids the building blocks of?

  Proteins
• An amino acid includes a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.
• The R group in an amino acid determines its unique properties.
• Match the amino acid component with its role:

  Amino Group ↔️ Contributes to peptide bond formation

  Carboxyl Group ↔️ Forms peptide bonds

  R Group ↔️ Determines unique properties
• What does the R group in an amino acid affect?

  Protein structure
• Amino acids have a general structure centered around a central carbon atom.
• Amino acids have a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.
• What is the variable group in an amino acid called?

  R group
• The general formula for an amino acid is $H_{2}N - CH(R) - COOH$.
• The variable R group in an amino acid determines its unique properties.
• Match the amino acid component with its role:

  Amino Group ↔️ Contributes to peptide bond formation

  Carboxyl Group ↔️ Forms peptide bonds

  R Group ↔️ Determines unique properties
• What is the general formula for an amino acid?

  $H_{2}N - CH(R) - COOH$
• The central carbon atom in an amino acid is bonded to four different groups.
• Amino acids have a general structure centered around a carbon atom bonded to four groups.
• What is the chemical structure of an amino group in an amino acid?

  -NH₂
• The carboxyl group in an amino acid has the structure -COOH.
• The R group in an amino acid is a variable group that determines its unique properties.
• What is the general formula for an amino acid?

  H_{2}N - CH(R) - COOH</latex>
• Match the component of an amino acid with its role:

  Amino Group ↔️ Contributes to peptide bond formation

  Carboxyl Group ↔️ Forms peptide bonds

  R Group ↔️ Determines unique properties
• Essential amino acids must be obtained through diet because the body cannot synthesize them.
• What are essential amino acids?

  Must be obtained through diet
• Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body.
• The synthesis of alanine from ammonia and pyruvate is an example of how the body produces a non-essential amino acid.
• Match the feature with the correct type of amino acid:

  Source: Diet ↔️ Essential Amino Acids

  Synthesis: Body ↔️ Non-Essential Amino Acids
• Steps in the formation of a peptide bond

  1️⃣ Condensation reaction

  2️⃣ Amino group bonds with carboxyl group

  3️⃣ Water molecule is released
• A peptide bond is formed through a condensation reaction between the amino and carboxyl groups of two amino acids.
• What byproduct is released during the formation of a peptide bond?

  Water molecule
• What is a peptide bond formed through?

  Condensation reaction
• Peptide bond formation releases a water molecule.
• A peptide bond is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
• Match the type of amino acid with its property:

  Acidic ↔️ Negative charge

  Basic ↔️ Positive charge

  Polar ↔️ Forms hydrogen bonds

  Non-polar ↔️ Hydrophobic
• What is the variable group in an amino acid called?

  R group
• The R group determines the unique properties of each amino acid.
• Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.
• What type of reaction forms a peptide bond?

  Condensation
• What is the main difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?

  Essential acids from diet
• Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet
• Which amino acids are examples of essential amino acids?

  Lysine, Tryptophan
• The equation $NH_{3} +$$pyruvate \rightarrow alanine$ illustrates the synthesis of alanine by the body.
• A peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.