1.4.1 Triglycerides

• What are triglycerides formed from?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Triglycerides are formed from one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules, bonded through ester bonds.
• What type of reaction forms ester bonds in triglycerides?

  Condensation
• Triglycerides are the main component of body fat in humans.
• Triglycerides are formed from one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules through a condensation reaction.
• How many fatty acid molecules are bonded to one glycerol molecule in a triglyceride?

  Three
• Ester bonds in triglycerides are formed by a condensation reaction that releases water molecules.
• Steps in the formation of triglycerides

  1️⃣ Glycerol with three hydroxyl groups bonds with fatty acids

  2️⃣ Each fatty acid's carboxyl group reacts with glycerol's hydroxyl group

  3️⃣ An ester bond is formed through a condensation reaction

  4️⃣ Water is released for each bond created

  5️⃣ The process repeats for all three fatty acids
• Match the function of triglycerides with its description:

  Energy Storage ↔️ Long-term energy reserves in adipose tissue

  Insulation ↔️ Maintains body temperature

  Protection of Vital Organs ↔️ Cushions and protects organs

  Hormone Production ↔️ Provides building blocks for hormones
• Triglycerides are formed by combining one glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules through ester bonds, which are formed via a condensation reaction.
• What is the chemical group found at the end of a fatty acid chain?

  Carboxyl (-COOH)
• The formation of an ester bond between glycerol and fatty acids involves the elimination of a water molecule, also known as a condensation
• Triglycerides are formed by combining one glycerol molecule with three fatty acid molecules.
• Describe the steps involved in the formation of a triglyceride.

  1️⃣ Glycerol has three hydroxyl groups that can bond with fatty acids.

  2️⃣ Each fatty acid's carboxyl group reacts with a hydroxyl group on glycerol.

  3️⃣ An ester bond is formed, releasing a water molecule for each bond created.
• Triglycerides help maintain body temperature by acting as insulation
• Triglycerides store excess energy as fat in adipose tissue.
• What vital organ is protected by fat cushions in the body?

  Kidneys
• What formula represents the relationship between energy, mass, and the speed of light?

  $E =$$mc^{2}$
• Triglycerides in our diet come from both animal and plant-based sources.
• Match the type of fat with its dietary sources:

  Saturated Fats ↔️ Animal fats, coconut oil

  Unsaturated Fats ↔️ Olive oil, fatty fish

  Trans Fats ↔️ Processed foods, baked goods
• Triglycerides are the primary form of fat storage in the body.
• Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules through ester bonds.
• Glycerol has three hydroxyl groups, each capable of bonding with a fatty acid.
• What is the function of fatty acids in triglycerides?

  Provide energy and insulation
• Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules through ester bonds.ester
• Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol with hydroxyl groups.
• Ester bonds are formed between glycerol and fatty acids via a condensation reaction, which releases a molecule of water.water
• Match the component of a triglyceride with its description:

  Glycerol ↔️ Backbone for fatty acid attachment

  Fatty Acids ↔️ Provide energy and insulation

  Ester Bonds ↔️ Link glycerol and fatty acids
• Steps in the formation of a triglyceride:

  1️⃣ Glycerol provides a backbone structure with three hydroxyl groups

  2️⃣ Each fatty acid molecule reacts with a hydroxyl group on glycerol

  3️⃣ Ester bonds are formed via a condensation reaction

  4️⃣ Water molecules are released for each bond created
• The formation of triglycerides is crucial for energy storage in biological systems.
• Triglycerides store energy long-term in adipose tissue, sustaining individuals during fasting.fasting
• Match the function of triglycerides with its description:

  Energy Storage ↔️ Long-term reserve in adipose tissue

  Insulation ↔️ Helps maintain body temperature

  Organ Protection ↔️ Cushions vital organs

  Hormone Production ↔️ Provides building blocks for steroid hormones
• Triglycerides store energy in adipose tissue.
• Compared to carbohydrates, triglycerides have a higher energy density of 9 kcal/gram.9
• Order the following energy storage comparisons between triglycerides and carbohydrates:

  1️⃣ Triglycerides have higher energy density

  2️⃣ Triglycerides require smaller storage volume

  3️⃣ Triglycerides offer excellent long-term availability
• Triglycerides in our diet come from saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats.
• Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products and certain plant oils.oils
• Unsaturated fats are present in plant oils and fish.
• Match the type of fat with its source:

  Saturated Fats ↔️ Meat, cheese, coconut oil

  Unsaturated Fats ↔️ Olive oil, salmon

  Trans Fats ↔️ Fast food, baked goods
• High triglyceride levels are linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.diabetes