1.1.3 Blood Composition

• Blood is a specialized connective tissue consisting of plasma and blood cells.
• Blood cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
• Plasma is the liquid portion of blood that transports substances.
• Match the type of blood cell with its description:

  Erythrocytes ↔️ Red blood cells, carry oxygen

  Leukocytes ↔️ White blood cells, part of immune system

  Thrombocytes ↔️ Platelets, involved in blood clotting
• Erythrocytes are red blood cells that carry oxygen.
• Platelets are involved in blood clotting
• What percentage of blood volume does plasma constitute?

  55%
• Water in plasma acts as a solvent for dissolving other substances.
• Match the structure of erythrocytes with its function:

  Biconcave shape ↔️ Increases surface area for oxygen diffusion

  Lack of nucleus ↔️ Maximizes space for hemoglobin molecules
• How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin molecule carry?

  Four
• Order the types of leukocytes based on their primary function:

  1️⃣ Neutrophils: Phagocytosis of bacteria

  2️⃣ Eosinophils: Defense against parasites

  3️⃣ Basophils: Release histamine during inflammation

  4️⃣ Lymphocytes: Cellular and humoral immunity

  5️⃣ Monocytes: Differentiate into macrophages for phagocytosis
• Lymphocytes are involved in cellular and humoral immunity
• Which function of blood involves defense against pathogens?

  Immunity
• What is the structure of the nucleus in basophils?

  Irregularly lobed
• Basophils release histamine during inflammation.
• Lymphocytes have a large round nucleus but no granules
• Match the lymphocyte type with its immunity function:

  Cellular immunity ↔️ Destroys infected cells

  Humoral immunity ↔️ Produces antibodies
• Steps of macrophage formation from monocytes:

  1️⃣ Monocyte circulates in blood

  2️⃣ Monocyte migrates to tissue

  3️⃣ Monocyte differentiates into macrophage

  4️⃣ Macrophage performs phagocytosis
• What are the three types of blood cells in blood?

  Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
• The transport function of blood involves carrying gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste
• Blood regulates pH, temperature, and fluid balance in the body.
• Match the blood component with its type and description:

  Plasma ↔️ Liquid, transports substances

  Erythrocytes ↔️ Blood cell, carries oxygen

  Leukocytes ↔️ Blood cell, immune system

  Thrombocytes ↔️ Blood cell, blood clotting
• What percentage of blood volume does plasma make up?

  55%
• Plasma proteins are involved in the transport of lipids, hormones, and immune response
• Electrolytes in plasma maintain osmotic pressure and pH balance.
• What is the primary function of red blood cells?

  Transporting oxygen
• The biconcave shape of red blood cells increases surface area for oxygen diffusion
• Each red blood cell contains approximately 270 million hemoglobin molecules.
• What are the two categories of white blood cells?

  Granulocytes and agranulocytes
• Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria and fungi
• Eosinophils defend against parasites and allergic reactions.
• What is the primary function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?

  Defense against pathogens
• Leukocytes are also known as white blood cells.
• Neutrophils have a multilobed nucleus and granules, and their primary function is the phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi
• What type of nucleus do eosinophils have?

  Bilobed
• Basophils release histamine during inflammation.
• What are the two categories of leukocytes?

  Granulocytes and agranulocytes
• Lymphocytes have a large round nucleus and no granules
• What is the shape of a monocyte's nucleus?

  Kidney-shaped
• All types of leukocytes work together to protect the body against infections.