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Topic 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk
1.1 The Cardiovascular System
1.1.3 Blood Composition
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Blood is a specialized
connective
tissue consisting of plasma and blood cells.
Blood cells include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and
thrombocytes
Plasma is the
liquid
portion of blood that transports substances.
Match the type of blood cell with its description:
Erythrocytes ↔️ Red blood cells, carry oxygen
Leukocytes ↔️ White blood cells, part of immune system
Thrombocytes ↔️ Platelets, involved in blood clotting
Erythrocytes are red blood cells that carry
oxygen
.
Platelets are involved in
blood clotting
What percentage of blood volume does plasma constitute?
55%
Water in plasma acts as a solvent for dissolving other
substances
.
Match the structure of erythrocytes with its function:
Biconcave shape ↔️ Increases surface area for oxygen diffusion
Lack of nucleus ↔️ Maximizes space for hemoglobin molecules
How many oxygen molecules can each hemoglobin molecule carry?
Four
Order the types of leukocytes based on their primary function:
1️⃣ Neutrophils: Phagocytosis of bacteria
2️⃣ Eosinophils: Defense against parasites
3️⃣ Basophils: Release histamine during inflammation
4️⃣ Lymphocytes: Cellular and humoral immunity
5️⃣ Monocytes: Differentiate into macrophages for phagocytosis
Lymphocytes are involved in cellular and
humoral
immunity
Which function of blood involves defense against pathogens?
Immunity
What is the structure of the nucleus in basophils?
Irregularly lobed
Basophils release histamine during
inflammation
.
Lymphocytes have a large round nucleus but no
granules
Match the lymphocyte type with its immunity function:
Cellular immunity ↔️ Destroys infected cells
Humoral immunity ↔️ Produces antibodies
Steps of macrophage formation from monocytes:
1️⃣ Monocyte circulates in blood
2️⃣ Monocyte migrates to tissue
3️⃣ Monocyte differentiates into macrophage
4️⃣ Macrophage performs phagocytosis
What are the three types of blood cells in blood?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
The transport function of blood involves carrying gases, nutrients, hormones, and
waste
Blood regulates
pH
, temperature, and fluid balance in the body.
Match the blood component with its type and description:
Plasma ↔️ Liquid, transports substances
Erythrocytes ↔️ Blood cell, carries oxygen
Leukocytes ↔️ Blood cell, immune system
Thrombocytes ↔️ Blood cell, blood clotting
What percentage of blood volume does plasma make up?
55%
Plasma proteins are involved in the transport of lipids, hormones, and immune
response
Electrolytes in plasma maintain osmotic pressure and
pH
balance.
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transporting oxygen
The biconcave shape of red blood cells increases surface area for oxygen
diffusion
Each red blood cell contains approximately 270 million
hemoglobin
molecules.
What are the two categories of white blood cells?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria and
fungi
Eosinophils defend against
parasites
and allergic reactions.
What is the primary function of white blood cells (leukocytes)?
Defense against pathogens
Leukocytes are also known as
white blood cells
.
Neutrophils have a multilobed nucleus and granules, and their primary function is the phagocytosis of bacteria and
fungi
What type of nucleus do eosinophils have?
Bilobed
Basophils release
histamine
during inflammation.
What are the two categories of leukocytes?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
Lymphocytes have a large round nucleus and no
granules
What is the shape of a monocyte's nucleus?
Kidney-shaped
All types of
leukocytes
work together to protect the body against infections.
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