1.1.1 Structure and Function of the Heart

• What are the four chambers of the heart?

  Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
• Heart valves ensure blood flows in only one direction
• Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
• The heart's electrical conduction system ensures coordinated contractions
• What is the purpose of the coronary circulation?

  Supply blood to heart muscle
• Match the heart component with its function:

  Atria ↔️ Receive blood and pump it into ventricles

  Ventricles ↔️ Pump blood out to the body or lungs

  Valves ↔️ Ensure unidirectional blood flow

  Major Blood Vessels ↔️ Transport blood into and out of the heart
• The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it pumps blood to the entire body
• The heart relies on valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards
• What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

  Prevents backflow into right atrium
• During ventricular contraction, the tricuspid and mitral valves close
• Match the heart valve with its location:

  Tricuspid ↔️ Between the right atrium and right ventricle

  Mitral ↔️ Between the left atrium and left ventricle

  Pulmonary ↔️ Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

  Aortic ↔️ Between the left ventricle and aorta
• The atria pump blood into the ventricles
• What is the role of the heart valves in preventing backflow?

  Ensure unidirectional blood flow
• Outline the pathway of blood circulation through the heart

  1️⃣ Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

  2️⃣ Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

  3️⃣ Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery

  4️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins

  5️⃣ Blood flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle

  6️⃣ Left ventricle pumps blood to the body via the aorta
• The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery
• Where does oxygenated blood return from the lungs?

  Pulmonary veins
• The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta.
• Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava
• Steps of blood flow through the heart

  1️⃣ Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

  2️⃣ Passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

  3️⃣ Pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery

  4️⃣ Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins

  5️⃣ Flows through the mitral valve into the left ventricle

  6️⃣ Pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta
• Match the heart valve with its function:

  Tricuspid valve ↔️ Regulates flow between right atrium and ventricle

  Pulmonary valve ↔️ Regulates flow between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

  Mitral valve ↔️ Regulates flow between left atrium and ventricle

  Aortic valve ↔️ Regulates flow between left ventricle and aorta
• Cardiac muscle is responsible for the involuntary contraction of the heart
• Cardiac muscle contraction is controlled voluntarily.

  False
• What gives cardiac muscle cells their striated appearance?

  Sarcomeres
• Intercalated discs allow for rapid transmission of action potentials between cardiac muscle cells
• Match the muscle type with its characteristics:

  Cardiac ↔️ Involuntary, striated, intercalated discs

  Skeletal ↔️ Voluntary, striated, multinucleated fibers

  Smooth ↔️ Involuntary, non-striated, found in hollow organs
• Cardiac muscle is responsible for maintaining blood pressure and circulation.
• Where is smooth muscle found in the body?

  Hollow organs
• The synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle cells allows the heart to efficiently pump blood
• What are the major components of the heart?

  Atria, ventricles, valves, blood vessels
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
• Which chamber pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

  Right ventricle
• How many chambers does the human heart have?

  Four
• The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
• The right ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs.

  False
• Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

  Left atrium
• The left ventricle has the thickest walls
• The thickness of a heart chamber's wall is related to the pressure it exerts.
• What is the primary function of heart valves?

  Prevent backflow
• Match the heart valve with its function:

  Tricuspid ↔️ Prevents backflow into the right atrium

  Mitral ↔️ Prevents backflow into the left atrium

  Pulmonary ↔️ Prevents backflow into the right ventricle

  Aortic ↔️ Prevents backflow into the left ventricle
• Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins