Qualitative Analysis Chemistry

• Copper carbonate is soluble in ammonia, forming a blue-green solution.
• Barium chloride solution gives white precipitate with sulfuric acid
• Al3+

  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • White precipitate forms which is soluble in excess NaOH
• Ca2+

  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • White precipitate forms
• Cu2+

  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • Gelatinous blue precipitate
• Fe2+

  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • Green precipitate
• Fe3+

  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • Brown precipitate
• K+

  • Flame test: Lilac flame
• Mg2+

  • Add sodium hydroxide solution
  • White precipitate forms
• Na+

  • Flame test: Golden yellow flame
• Pb2+

  • Add potassium iodide solution
  • Canary yellow precipitate
• NH4+

  • Add sodium hydroxide and warm
  • Produces ammonia gas
• Br￾

  • Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate
  • Cream precipitate
• Cl￾

  • Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate
  • White precipitate
• I￾

  • Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate
  • Pale yellow precipitate
• CO3^2−

  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Carbon dioxide is produced
• NO3￾

  • Add aluminium granules and warm with sodium hydroxide
  • Produces ammonia gas
• Test for Hydrogen:

  • Use a lit splint
  • Result: If hydrogen is present, it burns with a pop
  • Reaction: 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g)
• Test for Oxygen:

  • Use a glowing splint
  • Result: If oxygen is present the splint re-lights
• Physical Test for Ammonia:

  • Use damp red litmus paper
  • Result: If ammonia is present the red litmus paper turns blue
• Chemical Test for Ammonia:

  • Using hydrogen chloride gas/hydrochloric acid
  • Result: Forms dense white fumes of ammonium chloride
• Test for chlorine:

  • Use damp blue litmus paper
  • Result: If chlorine is present the litmus paper is bleached
• Test for hydrogen chloride gas:

  • Use damp blue litmus paper
  • Result: If hydrogen chloride gas is present the litmus paper turns red
• Chemical test for Sulfur dioxide:

  • Using acidified potassium dichromate
  • Result: Sulfur dioxide turns acidified potassium dichromate from orange to green