PURPCOM Module 1-4

• In "Confident Public Speaking, Sellnow (2005) defines communication as the process of sending and receiving verbal and non-verbal messages to create shared meaning.
• There are five principles of communication: transactional, complex, inevitable, continuous, and learned.
• Transactional principle means that communication involves exchange
• Complex principle means that it is interactive, symbolic, and purposeful
• Inevitable principle implies communication cannot be avoided
• Continuous principle states that it impacts and influences interactions and shapes relationships
• Learned principle says that communication is acquired and improved
• Nonverbal communication includes gestures, head movement, eye contact, and facial expressions
• Globalization is the interconnectedness and interdependence of economies, societies, cultures, and communication on a global scale.
• There are three advantages of globalization: economic growth, increased global cooperation, and increased cross-border investment
• Some disadvantages of globalization are: increase competition, disproportionate growth, and environmental concerns
• Globalization impacts communication in five ways: 1. Increased connectivity, 2. Cross-cultural interaction, 3. Business and trade, 4. Media and information flow, and 5. Cultural influences.
• Intercultural sensitivity refers to the ability to understand, appreciate, and effectively navigate interactions with individuals from different cultural backgrounds.
• There are six stages to intercultural sensitivity: denial, defense, minimization, acceptance, adaptation, and integration.
• Denial of cultural difference happens when one fails to recognize cultural distinctions or considers them to be irrelevant.
• Defense against cultural difference occurs when people perceive cultures in a polarized or competitive lens.
• Minimization of cultural difference occurs when people assume that their distinct cultural worldview is universal.
• Acceptance of cultural difference occurs when people recognize that different beliefs and values are shaped by culture.
• Adaptation of cultural difference involves learning about other cultures without necessarily accepting all aspects of it.
• Integration of cultural differences happens when someone's identity or sense of self incorporates values, beliefs, and perspectives from other cultures in authentic ways.
• An accent is a distinctive way that a person or group of people pronounce words as influenced by region, native language, or cultural background.
• A dialect is the form of speech used by a particular social group within a larger community.
• Registers in language refer to different styles of communication that are adapted to fit particular contexts, situations, or audiences.
• There are five written registers: formal, informal, technical, literary, and journalistic.
• The five spoken registers are: formal, casual, technical, public address, and intimate.