Photosynthesis

• Disaster is a sudden calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction and devastation to life and property.
• According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, 2008), disaster is “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
• Natural disasters can destroy a whole community in an instant.
• These are major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth
• Man-made disasters are the result of man’s negligence, errors, or intention.
• 1. Technological or Industrial Disasters

   This happens due to unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards.

  n This includes infrastructure collapse, leaks of hazardous materials, accidental explosions, or utility failure
• 1. Transportation Disasters

   This includes clash or collision of any road, rail, water, aviation and space transportation, resulting to loss of life and damage to properties.
• 1. Social Disaster

  Social disasters or disasters induced entirely by human

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• · Primary effects

  - are those effects that come directly from the incident or disaster itself, such as collapse of a building during earthquake, landslide or hurricane and water damage during a flood.

   
• · Secondary effects

   are the result that come from the primary effects.
• · Tertiary effects

  are the long-term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event.
• People - survivors of a disaster suffer psychological damages.
• Homes - Large number of homes are left damaged every time a disaster occurs. It can bring a lot of varied effects to people.
• 1. Infrastrucutre - This is also connected on the fourth effect- the economic crisis. The primary concern of the recovery phase of disaster management cycle is how fast the community can stand up again and regain their vigor to start anew.
• Economy - Some people doing business may be displaced from home and cannot engage in commerce anymore.
• how to plan ahead of a disaster:

  - 1. Check for hazards at home.

  - 2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors

  - 3. Educate yourself and family members

  - 4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand.

  - 5. Develop an emergency communication plan.

  - 6. Help your community get ready.

  - 7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle (Preparedness, Mitigation, Recovery, Response)
• 1. Physical Perspective

  Disaster is a phenomenon that can cause damage to physical elements such as buildings, infrastructure, including people and their properties. - It is also presented that the physical effects are most visible quantifiable effects of a disaster.
• 1. Psychological Perspective

  - Disaster can cause serious mental health consequences for the victim which can take the form of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and a variety of other symptoms which have been less investigated.
• A. Emotional effects – shock, terror, grief, loss of pleasure derived from material activities, and difficulty of feeling love
• A. Cognitive effects – impaired concentration, memory impairment, nightmares, self-blame, disbelief, decreased self-esteem and confusion
• A. Physical effects – fatigue, exhaustion, insomnia, cardiovascular strain, hyper arousal, reduced immune system, headaches, and startle response.
• A. Interpersonal effects – social withdrawal, alienation, impaired work performance, distrust, and feeling abandoned.
• 1. Socio-cultural Perspective

  Filipinos are generally known as “matiisin”, resourceful, helpful, optimistic, and prayerful. The culture of “malalampasan din natin ‘to.” belief and “bahala na ang Diyos” syndrome give hope to most Filipino in the midst of a disaster.
• 1. Economic Perspective

  Disasters affect the economic condition of a community because they reduce local and international trade. It can also partially or totally paralyze a country’s transportation system.
• 1. Political Perspective

  - Commitments are often mentioned as essential for governments and people in the community to lessen the potential human suffering in disasters ranging from disease, hunger, and poverty to climate vulnerability. Political will of the leader is often seen as key factor in resilience. The leader must have political will or have the commitments in order to reduce or lessen disaster risks that arise from natural hazards and climate risk. Weak governance will lead to a weak response to disaster.
• 1. Biological or Environmental Perspective

  - Disasters are not random and do not occur by accident they are the convergence of hazards and vulnerable conditions that really affects humans, fauna (animals), flora (plants), in the environment.
• Mitigation - involves steps to reduce vulnerability to disaster impacts such as injuries and loss of life and property
• Preparedness - focuses on understanding how a disaster might impact the community and how education, outreach and training can build capacity to respond to and recover from a disaster
• Response - addresses immediate threats presented by the disaster, including saving lives, meeting humanitarian needs.
• Recovery - resotoration of all aspects of the disaster's impact on a community and the return of the local economy to some sense of normalcy. by this time, the impacted region has achieved a degree of physical, environmental, economic, and social stability
• Short-term Phase (Recovery) - lasts from 6 months to at least one year
• Long-term Phase (Recovery) - range up to decades
• Nature of Disasters: Natural Disasters and Man-made Disasters
• 3 Categories of Man-made Disasters: Technological or Industrial Disasters, Transportation Disasters, Social Disaster.
• Effects of Disasters on One's Life: Primary Effects, Secondary Effects, and Tertiary Effects
• Effects of Disaster is Classified to 4 Groups: People, Homes, Infrastructure, and Economy.
• Disasters from different perspective: Physical Perspective, Psychological Perspective, Socio-cultural Perspective, Economic Perspective, Political Perspective, and Biological or Environmental Perspective