17.2.6 Age

• What is a risk factor in the development of addiction?

  Increases addiction likelihood
• Age is a critical risk factor for addiction, especially during adolescence and young adulthood.
• During adolescence, the brain is more vulnerable to addiction due to heightened sensitivity to rewards
• What is a key developmental change during young adulthood that increases addiction risk?

  Independence
• Mid-life stressors such as financial pressures and relationship issues can trigger addictive behaviors
• Loneliness and physical health problems are risk factors for addiction in older adults.
• What are the two primary biological risk factors for addiction?

  Genetic predisposition, neurochemical imbalances
• Neurochemical imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine can alter reward pathways
• Match the psychological risk factor with its explanation:

  Stress ↔️ Triggers coping mechanisms with substances

  Personality Traits ↔️ Impulsivity increases risky behaviors

  Mental Health Disorders ↔️ Leads to self-medication with substances
• Which social risk factors can significantly influence addiction?

  Peer pressure, family environment
• Genetic predisposition is a biological risk factor that affects substance metabolism and brain function.
• Early exposure to substances during adolescence can lead to addiction due to the vulnerability of the developing brain
• Order the types of peer influence based on their effect on addiction:

  1️⃣ Positive Influence

  2️⃣ Negative Influence

  3️⃣ Observational Influence
• What are risk factors in addiction development defined as?

  Elements increasing addiction likelihood
• Biological risk factors include genetic predisposition and neurochemical imbalances
• What are key psychological risk factors for addiction?

  Stress, impulsivity, mental disorders
• Social risk factors for addiction include peer pressure and dysfunctional family environments.
• Steps explaining how genetic predisposition affects addiction risk

  1️⃣ Specific genes influence substance metabolism

  2️⃣ Brain responses are altered by these genes

  3️⃣ Addiction risk increases due to altered responses
• Which neurotransmitters are dysregulated in neurochemical imbalances related to addiction?

  Dopamine and serotonin
• High levels of stress can trigger coping mechanisms involving substance use, leading to dependence
• What personality traits increase the likelihood of addiction?

  Impulsivity, risk-taking, neuroticism
• Mental health disorders like depression and anxiety can escalate addiction risk due to self-medication.
• Match each risk factor with its explanation:

  Genetic Predisposition ↔️ Inherited traits affecting substance metabolism

  Neurochemical Imbalances ↔️ Dysregulation of dopamine and serotonin

  Peer Pressure ↔️ Influence from friends to use substances

  Impulsivity ↔️ Tendency to act without thinking
• What are the three main categories of risk factors for addiction?

  Biological, psychological, social
• High levels of stress from daily life can trigger coping mechanisms involving substance use, leading to dependence
• Impulsivity and neuroticism are personality traits that increase the likelihood of developing addictive habits.
• What mental health disorders are often co-occurring conditions that escalate addiction risk?

  Depression, anxiety, PTSD
• Social risk factors for addiction include peer pressure, dysfunctional family environment, and lack of social support
• Match the social risk factor with its impact on addiction:

  Peer Pressure ↔️ Encourages experimentation, sustains addiction

  Dysfunctional Family Environment ↔️ Increases emotional instability, coping via substances

  Lack of Social Support ↔️ Drives substance use for solace and stress relief
• The bio-psycho-social model of addiction highlights the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
• During which developmental period is the brain most vulnerable to substance use effects?

  Adolescence
• Early substance exposure alters brain circuitry and reward pathways
• Match the age of exposure with its developmental impact:

  Adolescence (10-19) ↔️ Brain circuitry alterations, heightened sensitivity to rewards

  Young Adulthood (20-25) ↔️ Consolidation of addiction pathways
• Order the types of peer influence based on their effect on addiction:

  1️⃣ Positive Influence

  2️⃣ Negative Influence

  3️⃣ Observational Influence
• What type of parental attitudes can lower addiction risk in children?

  Positive attitudes
• Poverty and unemployment are economic factors that increase addiction risk due to high stress and lack of opportunities
• Trauma is a major trigger for substance abuse as individuals attempt to cope with emotional pain.
• Match the type of trauma with its link to addiction:

  Childhood Abuse ↔️ Increased emotional instability, self-medication risk

  Combat Experiences ↔️ Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, substance use

  Accidents or Natural Disasters ↔️ Anxiety and depression, substance abuse for relief
• What common condition often co-occurs with addiction following severe trauma?

  PTSD
• Biological risk factors for addiction include genetic predisposition and neurochemical imbalances