17.1.4 Withdrawal Syndrome

• Withdrawal syndrome is the group of physical and psychological symptoms
• Withdrawal symptoms arise from the body's physiological adaptation to the substance.
• A common physical symptom of withdrawal is muscle aches
• What is a common psychological symptom of withdrawal?

  Anxiety
• Match the physical symptoms with their psychological counterparts:

  Muscle aches ↔️ Anxiety

  Sweating ↔️ Depression

  Nausea ↔️ Irritability

  Tremors ↔️ Sleep disturbances
• Steps in the physiological adaptation to an addictive substance:

  1️⃣ Neurotransmitter changes

  2️⃣ Receptor adjustment

  3️⃣ Homeostasis disruption
• Neurotransmitter imbalance is a key factor in withdrawal symptoms.
• Addictive substances can alter the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin
• What is the main physiological reason for withdrawal symptoms?

  Body's adaptation
• Diarrhea is a common psychological symptom of withdrawal.

  False
• What can muscle aches during withdrawal range from in intensity?

  Mild to severe
• Anxiety during withdrawal may include panic attacks
• What is the physiological basis of withdrawal syndrome?

  Disrupted homeostasis
• Match the neurotransmitter with its role and effect during withdrawal:

  Dopamine ↔️ Decreased release and sensitivity

  Serotonin ↔️ Imbalance leading to depression
• What is the physiological basis of withdrawal syndrome?

  Adaptation and homeostasis disruption
• Chronic substance use alters the levels and sensitivity of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin
• Receptors may become desensitized or downregulated during chronic substance use.
• What is disrupted in the body during chronic substance use?

  Homeostasis
• Match the neurotransmitter with its function during withdrawal:

  Dopamine ↔️ Decreased release and sensitivity

  Serotonin ↔️ Imbalance leading to anxiety
• \Delta \text{Neurotransmitter Level} = \text{Substance Impact} - \text{Body Adjustment}\)</latex>
• Normal neurotransmitter levels return immediately when substance use is stopped.

  False
• What happens to the body during withdrawal as it tries to readjust?

  Physiological distress
• Withdrawal syndrome arises from the body's attempts to regain homeostasis
• Muscle aches are an example of a physical withdrawal symptom.
• Anxiety is an example of a psychological withdrawal symptom
• What type of substance withdrawal can be life-threatening?

  Alcohol withdrawal
• Individual differences such as age and genetics can influence withdrawal severity.
• How can co-occurring disorders affect withdrawal symptoms?

  Intensify symptoms
• Access to medical detoxification can reduce the severity and duration of withdrawal
• Withdrawal syndrome occurs due to the body's physiological adaptation to an addictive substance.
• Which psychological symptom is associated with withdrawal syndrome?

  Anxiety
• Muscle aches during withdrawal range from mild to severe discomfort
• Panic attacks are a common symptom of withdrawal-related anxiety.
• What is a common sleep disturbance experienced during withdrawal?

  Insomnia
• Withdrawal-related neurotransmitter imbalances affect dopamine and serotonin
• Match the neurotransmitter with its function during withdrawal:

  Dopamine ↔️ Decreased release and sensitivity

  Serotonin ↔️ Imbalance leading to depression
• Receptors become desensitized or downregulated during chronic substance use.
• What is an example of a psychological symptom of withdrawal?

  Depression
• Substance type influences the intensity and duration of withdrawal symptoms
• What are three main strategies for withdrawal management?

  Detoxification, pharmacotherapy, psychosocial support