16.5.2 Behaviour Modification in Custody

• Behaviour modification is a psychological approach aimed at changing and improving behaviour through the systematic use of reinforcement
• Behaviour modification is only effective in custodial settings.

  False
• Reinforcement in behaviour modification increases a behaviour through the addition or removal of stimuli
• Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behaviour.
• Consistency in applying behaviour modification ensures inmates understand the rules and consequences
• Match the behaviour modification program with its description:

  Token economy ↔️ Inmates earn tokens for good behaviour

  Cognitive-behavioural therapy ↔️ Focuses on changing thought patterns

  Restorative justice ↔️ Encourages offenders to repair harm
• One challenge of behaviour modification is that it can be seen as manipulative or controlling
• Well-trained staff are essential for the success of behaviour modification programs.
• Steps in how behaviour modification works in custody:

  1️⃣ Positive reinforcement

  2️⃣ Negative reinforcement

  3️⃣ Punishment

  4️⃣ Consistency
• Positive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behaviour
• Positive punishment involves adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour.
• Consistency is a key principle of behaviour modification.
• Behaviour modification in custody focuses on reinforcing desirable behaviours and discouraging undesirable ones through rewards and consequences
• In a token economy, inmates earn tokens for good behaviour, which can be exchanged for rewards
• Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) aims to change thought patterns to influence behaviour.
• Match the type of behaviour modification with its example:

  Positive reinforcement ↔️ Rewarding good conduct with extra visitation time

  Negative reinforcement ↔️ Reducing restrictions for compliant inmates

  Positive punishment ↔️ Assigning extra chores for rule violation

  Negative punishment ↔️ Revoking privileges for misconduct
• Behaviour modification in custody focuses on reinforcing desirable behaviours and discouraging undesirable ones through rewards and consequences
• What is the purpose of positive reinforcement in behaviour modification?

  Reward good conduct
• Negative reinforcement involves removing unpleasant conditions for compliant behaviour
• What does punishment aim to achieve in behaviour modification?

  Decrease undesirable behaviour
• Behaviour modification requires consistent implementation to be effective.
• One challenge of behaviour modification is inmate resistance
• Steps in applying reinforcement techniques in custodial settings

  1️⃣ Identify desirable behaviours

  2️⃣ Apply positive reinforcement for good conduct

  3️⃣ Apply negative reinforcement by removing unpleasant conditions
• Behaviour modification can aid rehabilitation in custodial settings.
• Behaviour modification can be seen as manipulative if not applied fairly
• What is an example of a reward in a token economy system?

  Extra visitation time
• What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)?

  Change thought patterns
• Reinforcement techniques in custodial settings fall into two primary categories: positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
• Positive reinforcement aims to increase the likelihood of a positive behaviour by adding a desirable stimulus.
• How does negative reinforcement increase desirable behaviour?

  By removing unpleasant conditions
• Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus
• What is the goal of negative reinforcement in custodial settings?

  Remove discomfort
• Consistency and fairness are essential for reinforcement techniques to be effective.
• Match the reinforcement method with its description:

  Positive reinforcement ↔️ Adds a desirable stimulus

  Negative reinforcement ↔️ Removes an unpleasant condition
• What is an example of negative reinforcement in custody?

  Easing restrictions
• Punishment techniques in custodial settings aim to reduce undesirable behaviours through applied consequences
• Positive punishment involves adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease a behaviour.
• What is negative punishment in custodial settings?

  Removing a desirable stimulus
• Match the punishment category with its example in custody:

  Positive punishment ↔️ Assigning extra chores

  Negative punishment ↔️ Revoking privileges
• Behaviour modification in custodial settings is particularly effective for managing and reforming the conduct of offenders