15.4.1 The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

• What is the central premise of the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis?

  Frustration leads to aggression
• The original Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis suggested that aggression provides a sense of catharsis
• Catharsis is the release of built-up frustration through aggressive actions
• What does the revised Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis emphasize in addition to frustration?

  Aggressive cues
• Displacement occurs when aggression is directed towards a less threatening target
• Why does displacement occur in the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis?

  Original target is too powerful
• The revised Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis includes the concept of catharsis

  False
• The original Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis proposed a direct relationship between frustration and aggression
• What is the formula for the revised Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis?

  Frustration + Aggressive Cues - > Aggression</latex>
• Match the study with its key finding:

  Harris (1974) ↔️ Queue cutting led to aggression

  Baron (1977) ↔️ Unsolvable tasks increased frustration

  Reifman et al. (1991) ↔️ High temperatures correlated with baseball player aggression
• Research evidence consistently supports the original Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis without limitations

  False
• What did the Harris (1974) study involve?

  Queue cutting
• In the Baron (1977) study, participants assigned unsolvable tasks reported higher levels of frustration and aggression
• What correlation did Reifman et al. (1991) find in baseball games?

  High temperature and aggression
• Blocking goals can reinforce the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis.
• Match the criticism with its explanation:

  Inconsistent relationship ↔️ Not all frustrations lead to aggression

  Oversimplification ↔️ Ignores other factors influencing aggression

  Catharsis unsupported ↔️ No evidence that releasing frustration reduces it

  Cultural variability ↔️ Some cultures suppress aggression when frustrated
• What might a student become after failing an exam instead of aggressive?

  Anxious
• Aggression can increase aggressive tendencies.
• East Asian societies tend to be less aggressive than Western cultures
• What does the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis propose is the primary cause of aggression?

  Frustration
• Frustration occurs when goals are blocked.
• What is an example of frustration given in the material?

  Being stuck in traffic
• What is an example of aggression in the hypothesis?

  Shouting at another driver
• The original Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis suggested that aggression leads to catharsis
• What do aggressive cues do in the revised Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis?

  Increase likelihood of aggression
• Berkowitz's research showed that frustration leads to aggression only when aggressive cues are present.
• Order the key features of the original and revised Frustration-Aggression Hypotheses:

  1️⃣ Original: Direct relationship between frustration and aggression

  2️⃣ Revised: Influence of aggressive cues on frustration

  3️⃣ Original: Frustration alone causes aggression

  4️⃣ Revised: Frustration and aggressive cues cause aggression
• What is displacement in the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis?

  Redirecting aggression to a less threatening target
• An employee reprimanded by their boss might yell at their spouse
• Displacement provides a complete cathartic release of frustration.

  False
• What is catharsis in the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis?

  Releasing built-up frustration
• Empirical evidence supports the idea that catharsis reduces aggression.

  False
• What are the three main processes in Social Learning Theory related to aggression?

  Observation, imitation, reinforcement
• The Bobo Doll Experiment by Albert Bandura supports the Social Learning Theory
• What is deindividuation in the context of aggression?

  Loss of individual identity
• Match the theory with its primary mechanism:

  Social Learning Theory ↔️ Observation, imitation, reinforcement

  Deindividuation ↔️ Group membership, reduced accountability