15.1.3 Hormonal Mechanisms

• What are the two primary hormones implicated in aggression according to hormonal mechanisms?

  Testosterone and Cortisol
• Under stress, elevated cortisol can initially trigger aggressive responses
• Which type of hormone is testosterone?

  Androgen
• Match the hormone with its role in aggression:

  Testosterone ↔️ Promotes aggressive behavior

  Cortisol ↔️ Modulates aggressive responses
• Order the steps of how cortisol levels affect aggression under stress:

  1️⃣ Elevated cortisol triggers aggression

  2️⃣ Chronic low cortisol reduces stress management

  3️⃣ Increased aggression occurs
• Higher levels of testosterone are often linked to increased aggressiveness.
• What type of hormone is cortisol?

  Stress hormone
• Testosterone promotes aggressive behavior
• Cortisol always decreases aggression regardless of stress levels.

  False
• Where is testosterone produced in males?

  Testes
• Match the level of testosterone with its impact on aggression:

  Normal testosterone ↔️ Maintains moderate aggressive tendencies

  High testosterone ↔️ Increases irritability and impulsivity
• Higher levels of testosterone are associated with increased aggressiveness
• What are the two primary hormones involved in hormonal mechanisms of aggression?

  Testosterone and Cortisol
• Higher testosterone levels are always linked to increased aggression regardless of context.

  False
• Cortisol can either increase or decrease aggression depending on the level of stress
• What type of hormone is testosterone?

  Androgen
• Match the level of testosterone with its impact on aggression:

  Normal testosterone ↔️ Maintains moderate aggressive tendencies

  High testosterone ↔️ Increases irritability and impulsivity
• Order the steps of how cortisol levels affect aggression under stress:

  1️⃣ Elevated cortisol triggers aggression

  2️⃣ Chronic low cortisol reduces stress management

  3️⃣ Increased aggression occurs
• What happens to aggression when testosterone and cortisol levels are both high?

  Aggression is amplified
• Chronically low cortisol levels can increase aggression.
• The interaction between testosterone and cortisol is influenced by individual differences
• What are the two primary hormones involved in hormonal mechanisms of aggression?

  Testosterone and Cortisol
• Higher levels of testosterone are associated with increased aggressiveness
• What effect does cortisol have on aggression when levels are elevated due to stress?

  Triggers aggressive outbursts
• Chronically low levels of cortisol can increase aggression.
• Match the hormone with its role in aggression:

  Testosterone ↔️ Promotes aggressive behavior

  Cortisol ↔️ Modulates stress response
• Testosterone is an androgen produced by the testes in males and ovaries
• What behavioral changes are associated with high levels of testosterone?

  Increased irritability and impulsivity
• Order the effects of cortisol levels on aggression:

  1️⃣ Elevated cortisol under stress can trigger aggressive outbursts

  2️⃣ Chronically low cortisol is associated with increased aggression
• Which brain regions are influenced by testosterone to promote aggression?

  Dominance and assertiveness regions
• High levels of testosterone and cortisol together can amplify aggressive tendencies.
• Elevated cortisol levels can trigger aggressive outbursts
• Match the research study with its findings:

  Dabbs & Hargrove (1997) ↔️ Higher testosterone correlates with aggression

  McBurnett et al. (2000) ↔️ Lower cortisol is linked to aggression
• What is a major limitation of hormonal explanations for aggression?

  They are correlational