1.4.4 Motivation in Theory and Practice

• What is the driving force that prompts individuals to achieve specific goals?

  Motivation
• Motivated employees exert greater effort, resulting in higher productivity.
• Engaged employees are less likely to leave, reducing employee turnover
• What kind of work environment does motivation foster among team members?

  Positive
• Arrange the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in ascending order.

  1️⃣ Physiological Needs

  2️⃣ Safety Needs

  3️⃣ Social Needs

  4️⃣ Esteem Needs

  5️⃣ Self-Actualization Needs
• Match each level of Maslow's hierarchy with an example of how it can be addressed in the workplace.

  Physiological ↔️ Providing healthy lunches

  Safety ↔️ Offering job security

  Social ↔️ Organizing team-building activities

  Esteem ↔️ Celebrating achievements

  Self-Actualization ↔️ Offering career development opportunities
• Understanding Maslow's hierarchy allows managers to create targeted motivational strategies.
• What are the two types of factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

  Hygiene and motivators
• Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate employees; motivators drive satisfaction and motivation
• Match the hygiene factors or motivators with their effect on employees.

  Hygiene factors ↔️ Prevent dissatisfaction

  Motivators ↔️ Drive satisfaction
• What is an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory?

  Salary
• What is an example of a motivator in Herzberg's theory?

  Recognition
• Motivators are more effective than hygiene factors in increasing employee motivation.
• What are the two types of factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

  Hygiene factors and motivators
• Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate employees
• Motivators in Herzberg's theory drive satisfaction and motivation.
• What is an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory?

  Salary
• Recognition is an example of a motivator that drives satisfaction
• Herzberg's theory complements Maslow's hierarchy by aligning hygiene factors with lower-level needs and motivators with higher-level needs.
• What are the two contrasting assumptions about employees in McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y?

  Employee attitude and motivation
• Theory X assumes employees dislike work and avoid it when possible
• What is a key assumption of Theory Y about employees?

  Enjoy work and seek challenges
• What is the definition of motivation in business?

  Driving force to achieve goals
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs arranges human needs in a pyramid with physiological needs at the base.
• Reaching one's full potential is a self-actualization need in Maslow's hierarchy theory
• Match the need level with its example in Maslow's hierarchy:

  Physiological ↔️ Providing healthy lunches

  Safety ↔️ Offering job security

  Social ↔️ Organizing team-building activities

  Esteem ↔️ Celebrating achievements

  Self-Actualization ↔️ Offering career development opportunities
• What is the purpose of financial incentives in motivation?

  Improve employee performance
• Wages are considered financial incentives that satisfy basic needs and reduce dissatisfaction.
• What are non-financial methods of motivation designed to achieve?

  Enhance job satisfaction
• Recognition boosts employee morale and reinforces positive behavior
• Order the key focus areas of Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor's motivation theories:

  1️⃣ Maslow: Emphasis on needs

  2️⃣ Herzberg: Emphasis on satisfaction and dissatisfaction

  3️⃣ McGregor: Emphasis on leadership styles
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs arranges human needs in a hierarchy
• Arrange the levels of Maslow's Hierarchy from lowest to highest:

  1️⃣ Physiological

  2️⃣ Safety

  3️⃣ Social

  4️⃣ Esteem

  5️⃣ Self-actualization
• Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory distinguishes between hygiene factors and motivators
• McGregor's Theory X assumes employees dislike work
• Theory Y, in McGregor's theory, assumes employees enjoy work and seek responsibility
• Theory X managers empower employees and delegate tasks.

  False
• According to Herzberg's theory, hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction
• Maslow's Hierarchy posits that employees have different levels of needs that must be satisfied in order
• McGregor's Theory Y assumes employees enjoy work and seek responsibility