14.5.2 Hardiness

• What is hardiness defined as?

  A personality trait
• Commitment in hardiness involves fostering a sense of purpose
• Control in hardiness refers to the belief that one can influence life events.
• How does challenge in hardiness view changes?

  As opportunities for growth
• Who proposed that individuals with high hardiness experience less illness under stress?

  Kobasa
• The mathematical formula for hardiness is Hardiness = Commitment + Control + Challenge</latex>
• What does the Hardiness Scale (Kobasa) measure?

  Overall hardiness
• The Revised Personal Views Survey (R-PVS) focuses on commitment and control.
• Match the hardiness questionnaire with its focus:

  Hardiness Scale (Kobasa) ↔️ Overall hardiness

  R-PVS ↔️ Commitment and control

  Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS) ↔️ Challenge as a separate component
• Commitment in hardiness provides a stable foundation and reduces feelings of isolation
• How does control in hardiness help with stress?

  Enables proactive problem-solving
• Individuals with high hardiness exhibit less illness under stress according to Kobasa.
• What is the role of challenge in hardiness when dealing with stress?

  Fosters resilience and adaptability
• Hardiness is assessed through questionnaires that evaluate the three core components: commitment, control, and challenge
• Steps to applying hardiness in stress management

  1️⃣ Foster dedication to activities and relationships

  2️⃣ Believe in influencing life events

  3️⃣ View changes as growth opportunities
• What is one criticism of hardiness research regarding its operational definition?

  It lacks precision