3.5.1.3 Allergies and Intolerances

• What is an allergy?

  Immune response to food
• Gluten is found in wheat, barley, and rye
• Lactose is present in milk and dairy products.
• Which type of nuts is commonly associated with allergies?

  Peanuts and tree nuts
• Shellfish includes prawns, lobsters, and crabs
• Mild allergy symptoms include hives, itching, and swelling.
• What is a moderate symptom of an allergy?

  Abdominal pain
• Severe allergic reactions can lead to anaphylaxis
• Match the allergen with its typical symptoms and severity:

  Gluten ↔️ Skin rash, digestive upset, Mild to Moderate

  Lactose ↔️ Bloating, diarrhea, Mild

  Nuts ↔️ Hives, breathing difficulty, Moderate to Severe

  Shellfish ↔️ Swelling, anaphylaxis, Severe
• What is an intolerance?

  Difficulty digesting food
• Gluten intolerance is a sensitivity to gluten without an allergic reaction
• What is a typical symptom of food intolerance?

  Bloating
• Food intolerances are usually life-threatening.

  False
• Match the feature with whether it relates to allergies or intolerances:

  Immune System Involvement ↔️ Allergy

  Common Allergens ↔️ Gluten, Lactose, Nuts, Shellfish

  Common Intolerances ↔️ Lactose, Gluten, Caffeine

  Severe Symptoms ↔️ Anaphylaxis
• Match the allergen/intolerance with its common sources, symptoms, and management:

  1️⃣ Gluten: Wheat, barley, rye; Digestive discomfort, skin rashes; Gluten-free diet

  2️⃣ Lactose: Milk, dairy products; Bloating, diarrhea; Lactose-free products

  3️⃣ Nuts: Peanuts, tree nuts; Hives, anaphylaxis; Avoid nuts, epinephrine

  4️⃣ Shellfish: Prawns, lobsters, crabs; Swelling, itching; Avoid shellfish, antihistamines

  5️⃣ Food Additives: Processed foods; Headaches, nausea; Read food labels carefully
• Allergies involve the immune system reacting to food proteins.
• Intolerances are digestive issues that don't activate the immune system
• Which common allergen is associated with severe reactions like anaphylaxis?

  Nuts
• Food intolerances are usually mild to moderate in severity.
• Epinephrine is used to manage severe allergic reactions
• What are common allergens listed in the study material?

  Gluten, Lactose, Nuts, Shellfish
• Symptoms of allergies range from mild, such as hives and itching, to severe, such as anaphylaxis
• Intolerances involve the immune system.

  False
• What enzyme deficiency causes lactose intolerance?

  Lactase
• Food additives can cause reactions in individuals with food intolerances
• Intolerance symptoms are life-threatening.

  False
• Match the feature with the correct condition:

  Immune System Involvement ↔️ Allergy

  Digestive Symptoms ↔️ Intolerance
• What is a common trigger for allergies but not intolerances?

  Nuts
• Caffeine intolerance can lead to anxiety and insomnia
• What type of food reaction involves the immune system?

  Allergy
• Match the common trigger with the correct condition:

  Gluten ↔️ Allergy

  Caffeine ↔️ Intolerance
• Which common triggers are associated with allergies?

  Gluten, Lactose, Nuts, Shellfish
• Intolerance symptoms are always digestive in nature.
• Allergies involve the immune system
• Common triggers for allergies include nuts and shellfish.
• Intolerances occur when the body struggles to digest or process certain substances
• Match the common intolerance with its trigger:

  Lactose intolerance ↔️ Low lactase enzyme levels

  Gluten intolerance ↔️ Sensitivity to gluten
• The immune system is not involved in food intolerances
• Common triggers for intolerances include lactose, gluten, and caffeine
• Intolerances are adverse reactions to foods that do not involve the immune system