14.2.2 Cardiovascular Disorders

• What are cardiovascular disorders?

  Conditions affecting heart and vessels
• Stress is linked to various cardiovascular disorders
• What physiological mechanisms connect stress and cardiovascular disorders?

  Hormone release and inflammation
• Cortisol plays a role in cardiovascular health.
• Chronic stress can significantly impact the cardiovascular system
• What lifestyle factors influence the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disorders?

  Poor diet and lack of exercise
• What is the long-term effect of chronic stress on blood pressure?

  Chronic hypertension
• Chronic stress can impair vascular function by reducing blood vessel flexibility
• Coronary Artery Disease is characterized by plaque buildup in arteries, exacerbated by stress-induced inflammation.
• Sequence the effects of chronic stress on cardiovascular health.

  1️⃣ Stress

  2️⃣ Increased Heart Rate

  3️⃣ Hypertension

  4️⃣ Coronary Artery Disease

  5️⃣ Heart Failure
• Stress triggers the release of cortisol and adrenaline
• What is the link between stress and cardiovascular disorders?

  Stress increases CVD risks
• Stress can lead to chronic hypertension
• Stress triggers inflammation and vasoconstriction in coronary arteries, exacerbating plaque buildup.
• Which hormones are released in response to stress?

  Cortisol and adrenaline
• Stress promotes inflammation, which contributes to plaque buildup in arteries, exacerbating Coronary Artery Disease
• High stress levels improve blood vessel flexibility and blood flow.

  False
• Psychological factors contribute to cardiovascular disorders under stress.
• Match the cardiovascular disorder with its definition:

  Hypertension ↔️ High blood pressure

  Coronary Artery Disease ↔️ Plaque buildup in arteries

  Arrhythmias ↔️ Irregular heartbeats

  Heart Failure ↔️ Weak heart muscles
• How does stress contribute to hypertension?

  Increases blood pressure acutely
• Stress can trigger inflammation and vasoconstriction in coronary arteries, exacerbating Coronary Artery Disease.
• Stress hormones can disrupt the heart's electrical signals, causing arrhythmias
• How does stress affect heart failure?

  Worsens symptoms and progression
• Order the physiological mechanisms connecting stress and cardiovascular disorders:

  1️⃣ Stress triggers hormone release

  2️⃣ Heart rate and blood pressure increase

  3️⃣ Inflammation and vascular dysfunction occur

  4️⃣ Lifestyle factors exacerbate the conditions
• Stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline increase heart rate and blood pressure
• Inflammation triggered by stress contributes to plaque buildup in arteries, as seen in Coronary Artery Disease.
• What occurs when blood vessels become less flexible due to stress?

  Vascular dysfunction
• Sequence the physiological mechanisms linking stress and cardiovascular disorders.

  1️⃣ Stress

  2️⃣ Hormone Release

  3️⃣ Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

  4️⃣ Vascular Dysfunction

  5️⃣ CVD
• Match the cardiovascular disorder with its definition.

  Hypertension ↔️ High blood pressure

  Coronary Artery Disease ↔️ Plaque buildup in arteries

  Arrhythmias ↔️ Irregular heartbeats

  Heart Failure ↔️ Weak heart muscles
• What role does stress play in hypertension?

  Increases blood pressure acutely
• Stress hormones can disrupt the heart's electrical signals, causing arrhythmias.
• Stress triggers inflammation and vasoconstriction, exacerbating Coronary Artery Disease
• How does stress contribute to Coronary Artery Disease?

  Triggers inflammation and vasoconstriction
• Stress can disrupt the heart's electrical signals, causing arrhythmias
• What is the effect of stress on blood pressure in the long term?

  Chronic hypertension
• Sequence the physiological mechanisms linking stress and CVD, focusing on hormonal impact.

  1️⃣ Stress

  2️⃣ Hormone Release

  3️⃣ Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

  4️⃣ Vascular Dysfunction

  5️⃣ CVD
• Chronic exposure to elevated cortisol levels can lead to hypertension
• Chronic stress can lead to sustained hypertension, weakening blood vessels and increasing the risk of heart disease.
• What is the effect of hormonal impact from stress on CVD?

  Increases blood pressure
• Order the physiological mechanisms through which stress affects cardiovascular disorders.

  1️⃣ Hormonal Impact

  2️⃣ Inflammation

  3️⃣ Vascular Dysfunction

  4️⃣ Lifestyle Factors