1D.4.1 The Commonwealth and the Protectorate

• The Interregnum (1649–1660) was a period of transition and instability in English history, bridging the gap between the reigns of Charles I and Charles II
• The Commonwealth established during the Interregnum was a republic governed by Parliament.
• Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector in 1653
• Oliver Cromwell's rule as Lord Protector balanced Puritanical policies with the need for social stability.
• Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector?

  Richard Cromwell
• The Stuart Restoration began in 1660 with the return of Charles II.
• Events leading to the establishment of the Commonwealth

  1️⃣ Execution of Charles I

  2️⃣ Abolition of the monarchy

  3️⃣ Creation of the Commonwealth
• What replaced the monarchy in England during the Commonwealth period?

  Parliament
• The Rump Parliament was a remnant of the Long Parliament.
• The Commonwealth faced resistance from royalist factions, which hindered its stability.
• What was abolished during the Commonwealth period?

  Monarchy
• During the Commonwealth, England became a republic governed by Parliament.
• The Rump Parliament initiated new laws and governance structures during the Commonwealth.
• In what year did Oliver Cromwell become Lord Protector?

  1653
• The Stuart Restoration began with the return of Charles II in 1660.
• What type of government was established after the execution of Charles I?

  Republic
• Oliver Cromwell rose to the position of Lord Protector in 1653.
• The Interregnum began with the execution of Charles I.
• In what year was Charles II restored to the throne?

  1660
• The Commonwealth was established in the year 1649.
• The Commonwealth was governed by Parliament.
• What title did Oliver Cromwell hold from 1653 to 1658?

  Lord Protector
• Cromwell established the Protectorate in 1653.
• Order the key events in Oliver Cromwell's life chronologically:

  1️⃣ Born in Huntingdon (1599)

  2️⃣ Leads Parliamentarians in English Civil War (1642-1646)

  3️⃣ Participates in the execution of Charles I (1649)

  4️⃣ Becomes Lord Protector (1653)

  5️⃣ Dies in London (1658)
• When was the Protectorate established under Oliver Cromwell?

  1653
• Cromwell's Puritanical policies encouraged religious tolerance for Catholics.

  False
• The title held by Oliver Cromwell under the Protectorate was Lord Protector.
• In what year was the Protectorate established?

  1653
• The Protectorate was established when Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector
• Cromwell held significant executive power as Lord Protector.
• Who became Lord Protector in 1653?

  Oliver Cromwell
• The Protectorate was established following the dissolution of the Commonwealth
• What type of policies were enforced during the Protectorate?

  Puritanical
• Which army maintained order during the Protectorate?

  New Model Army
• Key events during the Interregnum

  1️⃣ Execution of Charles I

  2️⃣ Establishment of the Commonwealth

  3️⃣ Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector

  4️⃣ Richard Cromwell succeeds his father

  5️⃣ Restoration of Charles II
• In what year was the Commonwealth established?

  1649
• The Commonwealth replaced the monarchy with a republic governed by Parliament
• The Commonwealth abolished hereditary succession.
• What type of governance replaced the monarchy during the Commonwealth?

  Republic
• Oliver Cromwell served as Lord Protector from 1653 to 1658.