8.6 Ethical Implications of Research Studies and Theory

• What does confidentiality in research refer to?

  Protecting participants' data
• Non-maleficence in research means avoiding harm to participants physically or psychologically.
• Informed consent requires participants to agree to participate voluntarily
• What should the purpose of the study include in the informed consent process?

  Clear explanation of research goals
• Steps in the informed consent process

  1️⃣ Explain the purpose of the study

  2️⃣ Describe the procedures

  3️⃣ List potential risks and benefits

  4️⃣ Emphasize voluntary participation

  5️⃣ Assure confidentiality
• What is the difference between confidentiality and privacy in research?

  Data vs. personal space
• Researchers can ensure confidentiality by using pseudonyms
• Secure data storage is essential for maintaining confidentiality in research.
• Why is deception sometimes used in psychological research?

  To avoid demand characteristics
• One justification for deception is avoiding experimenter bias
• Deception in research may cause distrust and negative emotions in participants.
• What are ethical implications in psychological research defined as?

  Potential consequences of a study
• Ethical implications in research involve issues such as informed consent, confidentiality, and potential harm to participants
• A study involving deception may raise ethical implications related to participants' trust in research.
• Why are ethical principles important in research studies?

  To ensure participant well-being
• Informed consent ensures participants understand the study's purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits
• What is a key ethical consideration when using deception in research?

  Ensuring no significant harm
• What was the true purpose of Stanley Milgram's obedience experiment?

  To observe compliance with authority
• One ethical consideration is debriefing participants post-experiment
• What is deception in psychological research?

  Misleading participants about a study
• Thorough debriefing is a safeguard against deception in research.
• What is one advantage of deception in research?

  Allows study of real behavior
• Deception may cause distrust and negative emotions
• Steps to address ethical considerations in research

  1️⃣ Ensure no significant harm

  2️⃣ Debrief participants

  3️⃣ Gain ethics committee approval
• What are ethical implications in psychological research?

  Consequences of a study
• A study involving deception may have ethical implications related to participants' trust.
• Match the ethical principle with its definition:

  Informed Consent ↔️ Voluntary agreement to participate

  Confidentiality ↔️ Protecting participants' data

  Beneficence ↔️ Maximizing benefits, minimizing harm

  Non-Maleficence ↔️ Avoiding harm to participants
• Informed consent requires participants to understand the study's aims
• What does confidentiality in research ensure?

  Protection of personal data
• Steps to ensure ethical research practices

  1️⃣ Obtain informed consent

  2️⃣ Protect confidentiality

  3️⃣ Minimize harm
• Beneficence in research involves maximizing benefits and minimizing harm.
• What is the purpose of non-maleficence in research?

  To avoid harm to participants
• Respect for persons recognizes participants' autonomy and dignity
• Justice in research ensures fair treatment without discrimination.
• What is informed consent in psychological research?

  Voluntary agreement to participate
• Match the element of informed consent with its description:

  Purpose of the Study ↔️ Clear explanation of research goals

  Procedures ↔️ Detailed description of methods

  Confidentiality ↔️ Assurance of data protection

  Voluntary Participation ↔️ Right to withdraw without penalty
• Confidentiality protects participants' data and avoids revealing their identities
• What is the primary focus of confidentiality in psychological research?

  Data protection and anonymity
• Confidentiality in research protects the data collected from participants and does not reveal their identities
• Confidentiality ensures trust between researchers and participants.