1B.1 The Unification of Spain

• Prior to 1469, the Iberian Peninsula was characterized by political fragmentation
• Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile married in 1469.
• The War of Castilian Succession occurred between 1474 and 1479
• The Reconquista played a role in the unification of Spain.
• The Spanish Inquisition was established to ensure religious unity
• Ferdinand and Isabella implemented reforms to centralize power.
• Prior to1469, the Iberian Peninsula was divided into several Christian kingdoms and the Muslim Emirate of Granada
• The Tagus and Guadalquivir are examples of major rivers
• Aragon was a significant maritime power that controlled territories in the Mediterranean
• The Emirate of Granada was the last Muslim stronghold in Iberia.
• Navarre was strategically located between Castile and France
• Portugal was an independent kingdom with maritime ambitions.
• What characterized the Iberian Peninsula politically before 1469?

  Political fragmentation
• The Iberian Peninsula featured mountain ranges like the Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada.
• Which rivers were part of the Iberian Peninsula's geographical landscape?

  Tagus and Guadalquivir
• The Christian Kingdom of Navarre was strategically located between Castile and France.
• Chronological order of key marriages in Spanish history

  1️⃣ Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469)

  2️⃣ Juana of Castile and Philip of Burgundy

  3️⃣ Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII of England
• What was the significance of the marriage between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469?

  United Castile and Aragon
• The union of Castile and Aragon in 1469 led to immediate political and cultural unification.

  False
• What is the concept of dynastic marriage in the context of Spanish unification?

  Strategic union of royal families
• The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile faced internal opposition and external threats.
• Match the political implication of the marriage with its detail:

  Formation of a Dual Monarchy ↔️ United Castile and Aragon

  Consolidation of Territory ↔️ Facilitated territorial expansion
• What was the Iberian Peninsula characterized by before 1469?

  Political fragmentation
• The geographical landscape of the Iberian Peninsula includes the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada.
• Match the entity with its notable feature:

  Castile ↔️ Largest and most populous

  Aragon ↔️ Significant maritime power

  Granada ↔️ Last Muslim stronghold

  Navarre ↔️ Strategically located between Castile and France
• Aragon was the largest and most populous kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula before 1469.

  False
• The dynastic marriage of Isabella I of Castile to Ferdinand II of Aragon occurred in 1469
• What was the significance of the marriage between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon?

  United Castile and Aragon
• The marriage of Juana of Castile to Philip of Burgundy brought Habsburg influence into Spanish succession
• The kingdoms of Castile and Aragon maintained separate institutions after the marriage of their rulers.
• Why was the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 significant?

  Linked the two largest kingdoms
• The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella led to the formation of a dual monarchy.
• The combined strength of Castile and Aragon enabled significant territorial expansion and political stability.
• What was the War of Castilian Succession (1474-1479) fought over?

  The throne of Castile
• Who were the two primary claimants to the throne of Castile during the War of Castilian Succession?

  Isabella I and Juana
• Who supported Isabella I's claim to the throne of Castile?

  Ferdinand II of Aragon
• Which country backed Juana la Beltraneja's claim to the throne of Castile?

  Portugal
• The War of Castilian Succession ended with the Treaty of Alcáçovas
• Which treaty recognized Isabella I as the rightful queen of Castile in 1479?

  Treaty of Alcáçovas
• The Treaty of Alcáçovas strengthened the united rule of Isabella and Ferdinand over Castile and Aragon.