1A.2 The First Crusade and the Establishment of the Crusader States

• When was the First Crusade launched?

  1096
• The Byzantine Empire was weakened after the Battle of Manzikert
• The Seljuk Turks controlled access to Jerusalem before the First Crusade.
• Who called for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095?

  Pope Urban II
• The First Crusade offered economic opportunities such as land and access to trade
• Match the political entity with its key event or challenge:

  Western European Kingdoms ↔️ Competing for power

  Byzantine Empire ↔️ Weakened by Seljuk Turks

  Seljuk Turks ↔️ Controlled Jerusalem
• The Battle of Manzikert in 1071 marked a significant decline for the Byzantine Empire.
• The religious motivation for the First Crusade was to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control
• The weakening Byzantine Empire provided a political opportunity for Western European kingdoms.
• Match the motivation for the First Crusade with its key driver:

  Religious ↔️ Pope Urban II's call

  Political ↔️ Weakening Byzantine Empire

  Economic ↔️ Younger sons of nobles
• Order the outcomes of the motivations for the First Crusade:

  1️⃣ Crusade launched

  2️⃣ New territories secured

  3️⃣ Wealth and trade routes gained
• What year did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade?

  1095
• The religious motivation for the First Crusade was to reclaim Jerusalem
• Pope Urban II's call to arms for the First Crusade was made in 1095 at the Council of Clermont.
• Which Crusader leader became the first ruler of Jerusalem?

  Godfrey of Bouillon
• Bohemond of Taranto established the Principality of Antioch
• Kerbogha was the Seljuk governor who attempted to recapture Antioch from the Crusaders.
• Who was the Seljuk governor who attempted to recapture Antioch?

  Kerbogha
• Chronological order of key military campaigns in the First Crusade

  1️⃣ Siege of Nicaea (1097)

  2️⃣ Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)

  3️⃣ Siege of Antioch (1098)

  4️⃣ Siege of Jerusalem (1099)
• The Siege of Antioch in 1098 was led by Bohemond of Taranto
• Which Crusader leader led the Siege of Jerusalem in 1099?

  Godfrey of Bouillon
• The Byzantine Empire was weakened after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.
• The religious motivation for the First Crusade was triggered by Pope Urban II's call to arms at the Council of Clermont
• Match the key battle with its outcome and strategic importance:

  Siege of Nicaea ↔️ Crusaders captured Nicaea, secured access to Anatolia

  Battle of Dorylaeum ↔️ Crusaders won, allowed passage through Anatolia

  Siege of Antioch ↔️ Crusaders captured Antioch, became a Crusader territory

  Siege of Jerusalem ↔️ Crusaders captured Jerusalem, key objective achieved
• The Siege of Jerusalem in 1099 was a key objective of the First Crusade.
• The Crusaders captured Nicaea under the leadership of Godfrey of Bouillon
• The Crusaders won the Battle of Dorylaeum, allowing them passage through Anatolia.
• Bohemond of Taranto led the Crusaders to capture Antioch
• Who led the Crusaders to capture Jerusalem in 1099?

  Godfrey of Bouillon
• The force applied during the First Crusade can be described using the formula $F =$$ma$, where F represents force
• The Siege of Antioch lasted longer than the Siege of Jerusalem.
• What were two significant factors in the success of the Sieges of Antioch and Jerusalem?

  Innovative tactics and resources
• Four major Crusader states were established after the First Crusade
• Which Crusader state was located in eastern Turkey and led by Baldwin I?

  County of Edessa
• The Kingdom of Jerusalem held symbolic importance as it ruled the holy city.
• Match the feature with its description:

  Political Structure ↔️ Hybrid feudal system

  Economic Systems ↔️ Agrarian with trade routes

  Cultural Interaction ↔️ Mixed European and local traditions
• The First Crusade enhanced the authority of the Pope
• What was one social impact of the First Crusade?

  Increased cultural exchange
• The economic impact of the First Crusade included both increased trade revenue and crusade costs.
• The Byzantine Empire was weakened by the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert