8.1.1.2 Cultural Bias

• What does cultural bias refer to in psychology research?

  Judging behaviours based on cultural standards
• Psychological research often adopts either an etic or emic perspective
• What does the etic perspective assume in psychological research?

  Universality across cultures
• The emic perspective examines behaviour within the context of a specific culture
• What is ethnocentrism in psychology?

  Evaluating cultures using own standards
• Ethnocentrism involves judging other cultures based on one's own cultural standards
• Cultural relativism promotes acceptance and understanding of different cultures
• What is eurocentrism in psychological research?

  Prioritizing Western European perspectives
• Eurocentrism often uses standardized tests normed on Western populations
• Western attachment theories applied to other cultures without adaptation are examples of eurocentrism
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Ethnocentrism ↔️ Judging cultures using own standards

  Cultural Relativism ↔️ Understanding cultures within their contexts

  Eurocentrism ↔️ Prioritizing Western perspectives
• What is an example of an etic approach in psychological research?

  Standardized IQ tests globally
• What is an example of an emic approach in psychological research?

  Studies on mental health in indigenous communities
• What does ethnocentrism refer to?

  Judging cultures based on one's own cultural standards
• Ethnocentrism involves judging other cultures based on one's own cultural standards.
• Ethnocentrism skews perception and judgment of other cultures.
• What is an example of ethnocentrism mentioned in the study material?

  Belief that chopsticks are superior to forks
• Eurocentrism assumes universality despite cultural differences.
• Eurocentrism leads to skewed research in psychology.
• What is one example of eurocentrism in research methodology?

  Standardized tests normed on Western populations
• Eurocentrism often generalizes theories developed in Western cultures across diverse populations.
• What is the principle of cultural relativism?

  Understanding cultures within their own context
• Cultural relativism contrasts with ethnocentrism, which judges cultures based on one's own standards.
• Cultural bias in research can undermine the validity and generalizability of findings.
• Match the research perspective with its approach:

  Emic ↔️ Understanding behaviour within cultural context

  Etic ↔️ Applying universal standards
• An etic approach assumes cultural universality when applying concepts.
• Understanding cultural bias is crucial for accurate and fair psychological research.
• The emic perspective examines behaviour within the context of a specific culture
• What is cultural bias in psychological research?

  Interpreting behaviours based on own cultural standards
• The etic perspective assumes universal applicability of concepts across all cultures.
• Ethnocentrism is the tendency to evaluate other cultures using one's own cultural standards
• What is the primary focus of cultural relativism?

  Understanding cultures within their context
• An example of ethnocentrism is viewing Eastern dietary practices as strange or inferior.
• Eurocentrism is a cultural bias that prioritizes Western European perspectives
• What is the principle of cultural relativism?

  Understanding cultures within their context
• Eating insects is viewed as unappetizing in Western cultures but nutritious in others, illustrating cultural relativism.
• Cultural bias in research methodology compromises the validity
• What is the approach of the emic perspective in research methodology?

  Understanding behaviour within cultural context
• The etic perspective in research methodology may overlook unique cultural variations.
• Biased psychological theories favor certain demographics due to cultural, gender, or racial biases