2.3 The Working Memory Model

• Who developed the Working Memory Model?

  Baddeley and Hitch
• The phonological loop includes a phonological store and an articulatory control process
• What is the main difference between the Working Memory Model and the traditional short-term memory concept?

  Active processing vs storage
• The central executive oversees and coordinates all other subsystems
• The phonological store holds auditory information for approximately 2 seconds.
• Which component of the Working Memory Model processes verbal and auditory information?

  Phonological loop
• The articulatory control process renews information in the phonological store
• The visuo-spatial sketchpad processes visual and spatial information simultaneously.
• What is the primary function of the episodic buffer in the Working Memory Model?

  Integrates information
• Match the component of the Working Memory Model with its function:

  Central Executive ↔️ Coordinates subsystems

  Phonological Loop ↔️ Processes verbal data

  Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad ↔️ Handles visual images

  Episodic Buffer ↔️ Forms cohesive episodes
• The central executive oversees and coordinates the other subsystems while allocating cognitive resources.
• The phonological loop processes verbal and auditory information using a phonological store and an articulatory control process.
• Match the subsystem with its function:

  Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad ↔️ Handles visual and spatial data

  Episodic Buffer ↔️ Integrates information from other subsystems
• What type of information does the episodic buffer integrate to form coherent episodes?

  Verbal, visual, and spatial
• Arrange the primary functions of the central executive in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Coordination

  2️⃣ Planning

  3️⃣ Decision-Making

  4️⃣ Attention Control
• The phonological store holds auditory information for approximately 2 seconds.
• What does the inner scribe sub-component of the visuo-spatial sketchpad deal with?

  Spatial information and movement
• The episodic buffer combines information from the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, and long-term memory.
• The Working Memory Model explains multitasking by proposing that separate subsystems allow simultaneous task performance.
• What is one weakness of the Working Memory Model regarding the central executive?

  Its functions are not fully understood
• The Working Memory Model highlights the dynamic process of manipulating and retrieving information in short-term memory.
• What is a primary weakness of the central executive in the Working Memory Model?

  Complexity and lack of clarity
• The Working Memory Model is supported by studies confirming the distinct roles of the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad
• The Working Memory Model emphasizes active processing in short-term memory.
• What is the purpose and specific function of the episodic buffer in the Working Memory Model?

  Ambiguous and unclear
• The interaction between components of the Working Memory Model is fully understood.

  False
• The Working Memory Model explains multitasking by suggesting we can perform multiple tasks simultaneously due to separate subsystems
• What is a weakness of the Working Memory Model related to subsystem interaction?

  Lack of detailed explanation
• The Multi-Store Model proposes a single short-term memory store, whereas the Working Memory Model suggests multiple components.
• How does the Working Memory Model differ from the Multi-Store Model in terms of short-term memory?

  Multiple components vs. single store
• The Working Memory Model highlights active processing, whereas the Multi-Store Model emphasizes simple storage and rehearsal
• The Multi-Store Model explains how different components handle different types of information like verbal, visual, and spatial data.

  False
• Which model provides a more nuanced understanding of short-term memory?

  Working Memory Model
• The Working Memory Model is applied in education to tailor teaching methods to match students' working memory capacities
• The Working Memory Model is used in the workplace to reduce cognitive overload.
• What is an example of how the Working Memory Model is used in clinical settings?

  Cognitive training programs