Chemistry—>Acids and bases

Created by

Mai kou

Cards (71)

What are bases?
Proton acceptors
bond with H+ ions
What are acids?
Proton donor
giveaway H plus ions
What happens when ammonia dissolves in water
When ammonia dissolves in water,
the ammonia molecules react with water to make OH minus ions, but only some ammonia molecules do this, so there is a low concentration of OH minus ions so ammonia is a weak alkali
Is ammonia a weak alkali?
Yes, it is made of nonmetals and is a covalent molecule
What do strong alkalize contain?
Positive metal ions, and the OH- ions
when they dissolve in water, the ions simply move further apart
What happens when alkalis dissolve
They form OH- ions
What are most strong alkalis
Group 1 metal hydroxides they have ionic bonding
What happens when you put a weak acid to see if it conducts electricity?
If the acid is weak, the bulb is dimmer because there's only a low concentration of ions in a solution
What happens if you put a strong acid to see how well it conduct electricity?
If the acid a strong, the bulb is bright, because there is a higher concentration of ions in a solution
What else can you add to the acid to see if it's strong or weak
Add the acid to any metal carbonate you will see fizzing due to the carbon dioxide gas produced in both cases, but with a strong acid there will be a lot of bubbles and the reaction may feel warmer with a weak acid You'll see fewer bubbles and the reaction is slower.
How do you test if an acid a strong or weak?
Add to the acid to a reactive metal. You will see bubbles due to the hydrogen gas produced in both cases but with a strong acid there will be a lot of bubbles and the reaction may feel warmer with a weak acid. You will see less bubbles and the reaction is slower.
What actually reacts when acids react?
When acids react, it is actually the H+ ions in a solution reacting,
the higher the concentration of H plus ions in a solution, the faster the rate of reaction
What is the difference between concentrated, and dilute and strong and weak
Concentrated and dilute refer to the amount of water that has been added to the acid to dissolve it. A dilute solution has a larger amount of water than a concentrated solution, strong and weak, refer to how much of the acid molecules split up into ions a strong acid will completely ionize and still be dilute.
What is a weak acid?
An acid that is only partially ionised in aqueous solution
Most of the molecule stay as molecules in are not dissociated
there's a low concentration of H+ ions
What is a strong acid?
An acid that is completely ionised in aqueous solution there's a high concentration of H+
ions
(all the molecules are split up into ions, so there are no molecules in the solution)
What is an acid? 
A compound that splits up into H+ ions when dissolved in water
What happens to the molecules to become ions in water?
Water is polar one side is slightly negative (The oxygen )and the other side is slightly positive (The hydrogen )
water dissociates the ions in the acid and splits them up by attracting them to the opposite charged ions, oxygen and hydrogen so the acid molecules are dissociated and split up forming ions.
How do we know that acids exist as ions when dissolved in water?
All acids conduct, electricity and only ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water, because there are free moving ions
What is interesting about the particle in acids ?
Acids are made of nonmetals so should do covalent bonding and be made up of neutral molecules, but when acids are dissolved in water the acid solution conducts electricity, so must have ions.
When can acids only do their reactions with bases, metal carbonate and metals?
When dissolved in water
Acids conduct electricity when dissolved in water, why ?
The only particle that conducts electricity is charged ions, so charged ions must be present in the solution of acid, but allows it to conduct electricity
In which form do acids react like an acid (solid, or dissolved in water)
Acid dissolves in water
What type of particle should acids be made of?
Molecules
What type of bonding is there in acids?
Covalent
What type of element is in acids?
Nonmetal
Test for ammonia gas
Put damp, red litmus paper into the gas. If it turns blue, it is ammonia gas
this happens because ammonia is an alkaline gas and it is the only common alkaline gas.
Test for carbon dioxide gas
Bumble the gas through limewater the lime water goes milky because solid calcium carbonate is made
Test for oxygen gas
Put a glowing splint into the gas. If it relights it is oxygen.
Test for hydrogen gas 
Put a lit splint into the gas if a squeaky pop is heard it is hydrogen
Why should you not test for acid using metal oxide or metal hydroxide? 
The reactions and observations are less obvious
What else can you add to the colorless substance ?
Add any metal carbonate if the solution is an acid you will see lots of effervescence due to the carbon dioxide gas produced
the metal carbonate seems to dissolve
the stronger the ass at the more vigorous the reaction
How do you test a substance to see if it's an acid without using indicators?
Add a reactive metal if the solution is an acid, you will see lots of effervescence as hydrogen gas is made the metal seems to dissolve the stronger, the acid, the more vigorous the reaction
Why is litmus, paper useful
It can be easily used damp to test for the presence of acidic and alkaline gases
Highly reactive and react violently so are too dangerous to add to acids 
All the group 1 metals are explosive and group 2 metals below calcium
Unreactive metals that do not react with acids
Silver, gold and copper
General equation for metals
Acid + some metals —> salt+ hydrogen
What would you see in this type of reaction?
Fizzing bubbles effervescence metal carbonate gets used up(dissolves )
Could see a color change
General equation for the reaction of acids and metal carbonateS
Metal carbonate + acid
—> salt+ carbon dioxide plus water
How do you name a salt
First word take from the alkali/metal/metal
carbonate. Second word taken from the acid
(hydrochloric acid = chloride, sulfuric acid = sulfate,
nitric acid = nitrate)
General equation for the reaction of acids and bases
Acid+ base—> salt + water